That being so, his complaint constituted an arguable claim, and the Serbian authorities were thus under the obligation to conduct an effective investigation (compare M.B.   and Others v.

investigation into the applicant’s credible assertions of serious ill ‑ treatment at the hands of the police disclosing elements of a criminal offence, as well as the way the investigation was conducted

to conduct an effective investigation was an obligation of means, not of result. 32.

    The Court notes at the outset that the present case falls to be examined from the perspective of the State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation under the procedural limb of

    In the meantime, on 16 December 2009, the professor of Gdańsk Medical Academy charged with preparation of the report requested the prosecution to release him from this obligation, referring

    Therefore the authorities had a procedural obligation to conduct an official investigation. The Court notes at the outset that the authorities took a number of investigatory steps.

    The State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation (a)     General principles 67.

treatment by private individuals, and the obligation to conduct an effective investigation when an arguable claim of ill-treatment has been raised (see Bevacqua and S. , cited above, §   65; Opuz

    Application of the general principles to the present case (a)     The State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation 86.

    The Court’s assessment (a)     The State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation (i)     General principles 82.

les conducteurs à sa hiérarchie.

The police chief also stated in his letter that they had tried to contact the applicant but that the telephone number she had given them belonged to someone else and that they had thus been unable to contact

[W] [Y], né le [Date naissance 4] 1984, a été victime d'un accident de la circulation, lors duquel il a été grièvement blessé, dans lequel est impliqué le véhicule conduit par M.

Given that such an assessment was not conducted in this particular case, the findings of the first instance court, that it has not be proven that the plaintiff was ill-treated and molested by other inmates

  26772/95, § 131, ECHR 2000-IV), did the State conduct an investigation in compliance with Article 3 of the Convention (see, among many others, Mikheyev v.

The Prosecutor General's attention was drawn to the Bulgarian authorities' ongoing obligation to conduct effective investigations into deaths and ill-treatment, or allegations thereof, in cases where the

    The Court notes at the outset that the present case falls to be examined from the perspective of the State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation under the procedural limb of

  The authorities had therefore been under an obligation to conduct an effective inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the applicant’s son’s death.

In that case, the Court found that all of the domestic decisions advanced by the Government related to substantive rights and not to the rights arising from the State’s positive obligation to conduct an