Having regard to the criminal nature of the principal offence and to the seriousness of the measure imposed for the offender, the impugned measure did in fact constitute a penalty.

(b)     The Court’s assessment (i)     General principles 59.

    The Court’s assessment (a)     General principles 47.

THE FACTS I.     THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 8.     The applicant was born in 1944 and lives in Viana do Castelo (Portugal). A.     Background to the case 9.

    The Court’s evaluation of the facts 1.     General principles 76.

(b)    Procedural obligation under Article 2 of the Convention (i)   General principles 51.

EN FAIT I.     LES CIRCONSTANCES DE L’ESPÈCE 6.     Les trois requérants sont nés respectivement en 1974, 1984 et 1977.

Article 18 of the Uzbek Constitution protects equality of citizens before the law irrespective of gender, race, national language, religion, faith or social origin ...

The appeal argument of errors of facts is also unfounded, since the first-instance court fully determined the facts and gave detailed, valid and clear reasons for its findings, which this second-instance

THE FACTS I.     THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 4.     The applicant was born in 1956 and lives in Moscow. 5.

The judge simply added, in the blank spaces, a brief statement of facts, the name of the accused, the definition of the impugned offence and the measure of pre-trial restraint.

The stability and organised nature of the group are also confirmed by the fact that they acted [on two consecutive nights].

    The applicant alleged that the facts of the case disclosed a violation of his brother's right to life under Article 2 of the Convention. 4.

THE FACTS I.     THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 9.     The applicant was born in 1992 and lives in Novosibirsk. A.

Attendu qu'il résulte de l'arrêt attaqué et des pièces de procédure qu'à la suite de l'invasion du Koweit par l'Irak début août 1990, l'organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) a instauré, sur le fondemen

the principles expressed in the European Convention on Human Rights... as incorporated into Danish law by Act No. 285 of 29   April 1992.

    Application of these principles 59.

    The facts of the case may be summarised as follows. Criminal proceedings against the applicant 5.

Authorities have not reviewed convictions where defendants alleged torture or other glaring violations of fair trial standards.

THE FACTS I.     THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 6.     The applicant was born in 1953 and lives in Meltingen (Canton of Solothurn). 7.