CEDH · CASELAW;REPORTS;ENG — 4 juin 1999

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text-indent:-28.35pt; text-align:justify } .sD227234A { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-align:justify } .s47E2B0C6 { margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt } .s168A619D { width:29.95pt; display:inline-block } .s7137FEF8 { width:15.02pt; display:inline-block } .sB842F00C { margin:0pt 33.15pt 0pt 28.35pt; text-align:justify } .s3F59B822 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase } .s4954B46 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:28.35pt; text-align:justify } .sF6A12959 { width:33%; height:1px; text-align:left } .s2EB42ED2 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt } .s653E6C45 { font-family:Arial; font-size:6.67pt; vertical-align:super; color:#0069d6 }             EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS                             Application No.25781/94     CYPRUS     against     TURKEY                             REPORT OF THE COMMISSION     (adopted on 4 June 1999)   TABLE OF CONTENTS     Page     INTRODUCTION   (paras. 1-67)   ....................................................... 1     A.   BACKGROUND     (paras.1-17) ..................................................... 1       1) Previous inter-State applications         (paras.2-12) ................................................... 1       2) Individual applications          (paras. 13-17) ................................................. 3     B.   THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PRESENT APPLICATION     (paras. 18-19) .................................................... 4       C.   PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION     (paras.20-63) .................................................... 4         1) Proceedings on admissibility         (paras. 21-25) .................................................. 4       2) Proceedings on the merits         (paras.26-63) .................................................. 6         a) The respondent Government’s initial refusal to           participate in the proceedings on the merits (paras.26-32) ...... 6         b) Taking of evidence in Strasbourg (paras.33-47) ............... 8         c) Taking of evidence in Cyprus (paras. 48-52) ................. 12         d) Taking of evidence in London (paras. 53-55) ................ 13         e) Further submissions in writing (paras. 56-57) ................ 13         f) Oral hearing on the merits and subsequent submissions           of the parties (paras. 58-62) ............................... 14         g) Efforts to secure a friendly settlement   (para. 63) ............. 15     D.   THE PRESENT REPORT     (paras. 64-67) ................................................... 15   TABLE OF CONTENTS Page   PART ONE - GENERAL AND PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS   (paras. 68-146)   ...................................................... 16     Chapter 1 - Locus standi of the applicant Government (paras. 68-73) .... 16         Conclusion (para. 73) ...................................... 17     Chapter 2 - Legal interest of the applicant Government (paras.74-87) .... 17         Conclusion ( para. 87) ...................................... 20     Chapter 3 - Responsibility of Turkey under the Convention (paras. 88-103) 21         Conclusion (para. 103) ..................................... 25     Chapter 4 - Domestic remedies (paras. 104-128) ....................... 25         Conclusion (para. 128) ..................................... 32     Chapter 5 - Compliance with the six months time limit (paras. 129-131) .. 32         Conclusion (para. 131) ..................................... 32     Chapter 6 - Assessment of the evidence (paras. 132-146) .............. 33       PART TWO   - THE PARTICULAR COMPLAINTS   (paras. 147-596) ....................................................... 38     Chapter 1 - Greek Cypriot missing persons (paras. 147-237) ............ 38     A. Complaints (paras. 147-151) ........................................ 38     B. Submissions of the parties (paras. 152-170) ........................... 39         1) The applicant Government (paras. 152-163) ......................... 39         2) The respondent Government (paras. 164-170) ....................... 43     C. Facts established by the Commission (paras. 171-191) ................. 45     D. Opinion of the Commission (paras. 192-237) .......................... 50     1) As to the alleged violation of the rights of the       missing persons themselves (paras. 192-225) ......................... 50          a) Article 4 of the Convention (paras. 192-196) ........................ 50     Conclusion (para. 196) ........................................... 50          b) Article 5 of the Convention (paras. 197-213) ........................ 50     Conclusions (paras. 212-213) ..................................... 53            c) Complaints under Articles 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14 and 17                    of the Convention (paras. 214-225) ............................... 53             i) The Commission’s power to examine these complaints (paras.214-218)53           ii) Consideration under Article 2 of the Convention (paras. 219-225) .... 54     Conclusion (para. 225) ........................................... 56     2) As to the alleged violation of the rights of the missing persons’ relatives       (paras. 226-237) ................................................... 56       Conclusions (paras. 236-237) ........................................ 58     Chapter 2 - Home and property of displaced persons (paras. 238-337) ... 58     A. Complaints (para. 238) ............................................. 58     B. As to Article 8 of the Convention (paras. 239-273) ...................... 59     1) Submissions of the Parties (paras. 239-254) ........................... 59         a) The applicant Government (paras. 239-245) ......................... 59       b) The respondent Government (paras. 246-254) ....................... 61     2) Facts established by the Commission (paras. 255-260) ................. 63     3) Opinion of the Commission (paras. 261-273) .......................... 65        Conclusions (paras. 272-273) ....................................... 67     C. As to Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (paras. 274-322) ...................... 68     1) Submissions of the Parties (paras. 274-301) ........................... 68         a) The applicant Government (paras. 274-287) ......................... 68       b) The respondent Government (paras. 288-301) ....................... 71     2) Facts established by the Commission (paras. 302-309) ................. 75     3) Opinion of the Commission (paras. 310-322) .......................... 77        Conclusion (para. 322) ............................................. 80     D. As to Article 13 of the Convention (paras. 323-328) .................... 80        Conclusion (para. 328) ............................................. 81     E. As to Article 14 of the Convention (paras. 329-337) ..................... 81        Conclusions (paras. 336-337) ....................................... 82     Chapter 3 - Living conditions of Greek Cypriots in northern Cyprus   (paras.338-507) ........................................................ 83     A. Complaints (paras. 338-340) ........................................ 83     B. Submissions of the parties (paras. 341-379) ........................... 84     1) The applicant Government (paras. 341-363) ........................... 84     2) The respondent Government (paras. 364-379) ......................... 89     C. Facts established by the Commission (paras. 380-429) ................. 92     1) Written evidence (paras. 380-390) ................................... 92     2) The Commission’s investigation (paras. 391-409) ...................... 95         a) Witnesses (paras. 391-405) ....................................... 95       b) Visits (paras. 406-409) .......................................... 107     3) Evaluation of the evidence (paras. 410-429) .......................... 109     D. Opinion of the Commission (paras. 430-507) ......................... 115     1) Separate examination of specific complaints (paras. 432-479) .......... 116           a) Article 2 of the Convention (paras. 432-435) ...................... 116     Conclusion (para. 435) ......................................... 116           b) Article 5 of the Convention (paras. 436-438) ...................... 116     Conclusion (para. 438) ......................................... 117           c) Article 6 of the Convention (paras. 439-448) ....................... 117     Conclusion (para. 448) ......................................... 119           d) Article 9 of the Convention (paras. 449-454) ...................... 119     Conclusion (para. 454) ......................................... 120           e) Article 10 of the Convention (paras. 455-460) ..................... 120     Conclusion (para. 460) ......................................... 122           f) Article 11 of the Convention (paras. 461-466) ...................... 122     Conclusion (para. 466) ......................................... 124           g) Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (paras. 467-473) ....................... 124     Conclusions (paras 472-473) .................................... 125           h) Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 (paras. 474-479) ....................... 126     Conclusion (para. 479) ......................................... 127     2) Global examination of the living conditions of Greek Cypriots       in northern Cyprus (paras. 480-507) ................................. 127         a) Article 8 of the Convention (paras. 480-491) ........................ 127     Conclusions (paras. 490-491) .................................... 130         b) Article 3 of the Convention (paras. 492-499) ........................ 130     Conclusion (para. 499) .......................................... 132         c) Article 14 of the Convention (paras. 500-502) ....................... 132     Conclusion (para. 502) ......................................... 132         d) Article 13 of the Convention (paras. 503-507) ...................... 132     Conclusions (paras 506-507) .................................... 133     Chapter 4 - The right of displaced Greek Cypriots to hold free elections   (paras. 508-515) ....................................................... 133     A. Complaints and submissions of the parties (paras. 508-510) ............ 133     B. Opinion of the Commission (paras. 511-515) ......................... 134        Conclusion (para. 515) ............................................ 134     Chapter 5 - Complaints relating to Turkish Cypriots (paras. 516-596) ... 135     A. Complaints (para. 516-520) ........................................ 135     B. Submissions of the parties (paras. 521-538) .......................... 137     1) The applicant Government (paras. 521-531) .......................... 137     2) The respondent Government (paras. 532-538) ........................ 140     C. Facts established by the Commission (paras. 539-568) ................ 142     1) Written evidence (paras. 539-541) .................................. 142     2) The Commission’s investigation (paras. 542-555) ..................... 142     3) Evaluation of the evidence (paras. 556-568) .......................... 153     D. Opinion of the Commission (paras. 569-596) ......................... 156     1) Scope of the Commission’s examination (paras. 569-571) .............. 156     2) Complaints relating to political opponents (paras. 572-574) ............. 156       Conclusion (para. 574) ............................................ 157     3) Complaints concerning the Turkish Cypriot gypsy community (paras. 575-577) 157       Conclusion (para. 577) ............................................ 158     4) The remaining complaints (paras. 578-596) .......................... 158         a) Article 6 of the Convention (paras. 578-581) ........................ 158           Conclusion (para. 581) .......................................... 158         b) Article 10 of the Convention (paras. 582-585) ...................... 159           Conclusion (para. 585) .......................................... 159         c) Article 11 of the Convention (paras. 586-589) ....................... 159           Conclusion (para. 589) .......................................... 160         d) Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (paras. 590-593) ........................ 160           Conclusion (para. 593) .......................................... 161         e) Article 13 of the Convention (paras. 594-596) ...................... 161           Conclusion (para. 596) .......................................... 161     RECAPITULATION OF CONCLUSIONS   (paras. 597-636) ....................................................... 162     A. General and preliminary considerations (paras. 597-601) .............. 162     B. Greek Cypriot missing persons (paras. 602-607) ...................... 162     C. Home and property of displaced persons (paras. 608-613) ............. 163     D. Living conditions of Greek Cypriots in northern Cyprus (paras. 614-628) . 163     E. The right of displaced Greek Cypriots to hold free elections (para. 629) .. 165     F. Complaints relating to Turkish Cypriots (paras. 630-636) ............... 165   PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION OF MR S. TRECHSEL ..................... 166   PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION OF MR E. BUSUTTIL ...................... 167   PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION OF MR C.L. ROZAKIS ..................... 168   PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION OF MRS J. LIDDY JOINED BY MR S. TRECHSEL, MRS G.H. THUNE, MM C.L. ROZAKIS, D. ŠVÁBY, G. RESS and A. PERENIČ ..................................... 172   PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION OF MR I. CABRAL BARRETO .............. 173   APPENDIX I :   DECISION OF THE COMMISSION AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY       OF THE APPLICATION .................................... 174   APPENDIX II :   PARTIES’ REPRESENTATIVES ............................. 208           A. LIST OF PERSONS APPEARING ON BEHALF OF THE         PARTIES WITH INDICATION OF FUNCTIONS ............... 208           B. PRESENCE OF PARTIES’ REPRESENTATIVES AT THE         HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION AND THE         DELEGATES ............................................. 209   APPENDIX III:   MEASURES BEING IMPLEMENTED BY TURKISH CYPRIOT AUTHORITIES IN RESPECT OF GREEK CYPRIOTS AND MARONITES LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN PART OF CYPRUS.       (UN DOCUMENT S/1995/1020, Annex IV, 30 November 1995) .. 212   APPENDIX IV:   UNFICYP HUMANITARIAN   REVIEW, PROPOSALS FOR REMEDIAL ACTION. (UN DOCUMENT S/1995/1020, paras. 24-25,       10 December 1995) ........................................ 214   APPENDIX V:   “TRNC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS DECISION No. E-195-98”       11 February 1998 .......................................... 216   APPENDIX VI:   “TRNC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS DECISION No E-645-98”       15 April 1998 .............................................. 218     I.   INTRODUCTION   A.   BACKGROUND   1.     This Report deals with the fourth application (No. 25781/94) introduced by Cyprus against Turkey under former Article 24 of the European Convention on Human Rights. [1]     1) Previous inter-State applications   2.     The Commission recalls that it has already dealt with three earlier applications by Cyprus against Turkey under former Article 24 of the Convention which all related to the consequences of the Turkish military operations in northern Cyprus in July and August 1974.   3.     In their first application, introduced on 19 September 1974 (No. 6780/74), the applicant Government stated that Turkey had on 20 July 1974 invaded Cyprus, had by 30 July occupied a sizeable area in the north of the island and by 14 August 1974 extended its occupation to about 40% of the territory of the Republic. The applicant Government alleged violations of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 13 and 17 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 and of Article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with the aforementioned Articles.   4.     In their second application, introduced on 21 March 1975 (No. 6950/75), the applicant Government contended that, by acts unconnected with any military operation, Turkey had, since the introduction of the first application, committed, and continued to commit, further violations of the above Articles in the occupied territory.   5.     The Commission joined the two applications and, after having obtained both parties' written and oral observations, declared them admissible on 26 May 1975 (cf. D.R. 2 p. 125 ff). The respondent Government subsequently refused to take part in the Commission's proceedings on the merits of the case, including in particular an investigation carried out by a Delegation of the Commission in Cyprus. Despite their refusal to take part in the proceedings, the respondent Government were informed of all steps in the proceedings and given the opportunity to react thereto, but did not in fact do so.   6.     In its Report of 10 July 1976 (hereafter referred to as "the 1976 Report"), the Commission considered that, notwithstanding the respondent Government's failure to participate in the proceedings on the merits, it was required to perform its functions under former Articles 28 and 31 of the Convention. It therefore established the facts on the basis of the material before it and concluded that Turkey had violated Articles 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 and 14 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (cf. pages 163 to 167 of the 1976 Report).   7.     The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, on 20 January 1979, adopted Resolution DH (79) 1 concerning the above two applications. The Resolution referred to the Committee of Ministers' decision of 21 October 1977 by which it     - had taken note of the Commission's Report as well as of a Memorial of the Turkish Government and found that events which occurred in Cyprus constituted violations of the Convention,   - had asked that measures be taken in order to put an end to such violations as might continue to occur and so that such events were not repeated,     - and consequently had urged the parties to resume intercommunal talks.     Considering with regret that this request had not been taken up by the parties concerned, the Committee of Ministers then expressed the conviction "that the enduring protection of human rights in Cyprus can only be brought about through the re-establishment of peace and confidence between the two communities; and that intercommunal talks constitute the appropriate framework for reaching a solution of the dispute" and decided "strongly to urge the parties to resume intercommunal talks under the auspices of the Secretary General of the United Nations in order to agree upon solutions on all aspects of the dispute". Finally, the Committee of Ministers stated that it "views this decision as completing its consideration of the case Cyprus against Turkey".   8.     In the meantime, the applicant Government had on 6 September 1977 introduced a third application (No. 8007/77), in which they contended that Turkey continued to commit breaches of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 13 and 17 of the Convention and of Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No. 1 and Article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with the aforementioned Articles after the termination of the Commission's investigations in the previous case. Having obtained written and oral observations from both parties, the Commission declared this application admissible on 10 July 1978 (cf. D.R. 13, p. 85 ff).   9.     At the merits stage, the respondent Government again refused to take part in the Commission's proceedings. In an Interim Report adopted on 12 July 1980 the Commission informed the Committee of Ministers of the state of the proceedings and requested it to urge Turkey to meet its obligations under the Convention and accordingly to participate in the Commission's examination. In a decision adopted by the Ministers' Deputies during their 326th meeting (24 November to 4 December 1980) the Committee of Ministers recalled "the obligations imposed on all the Contracting Parties by [former] Article 28 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms".   10.     However, even after that decision the respondent Government stated that they found it impossible to participate in the Commission's procedure on the merits of the case. In the particular circumstances, the Commission, through Delegates, heard witnesses' evidence on one aspect of the case (missing persons) in the absence of both parties.   Only the applicant Government submitted observations in writing and were represented at a hearing before the Commission.   11.     In its Report of 4 October 1983 concerning Application No. 8007/77 (D.R. 72, p. 5 ff, hereafter referred to as "the 1983 Report"), the Commission concluded that Turkey had violated Articles 5 and 8 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No 1. It confirmed earlier findings on absence of remedies and discrimination, but in the absence of sufficient evidence did not come to any conclusion concerning the position of Turkish Cypriots ( ibid., pp. 50 - 51).   12.     The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, on 2 April 1992, adopted Resolution DH (92) 12 concerning Application No. 8007/77. It decided to make public the Commission's above Report, thereby completing its consideration of the case (cf. D.R. 72, p. 62).   2)   Individual applications   13.     Following Turkey's recognition, as from 28 January 1987, of the Commission's competence to receive individual applications under former Article 25 of the Convention, applications in relation to the situation in northern Cyprus have also been introduced against Turkey by individual applicants on a number of occasions.   14.     Three such applications (Nos. 15299, 15300 & 15318/89, Metropolitan Chrysostomos, Archimandrite Georgios Papachrysostomou and Titina Loizidou v. Turkey) were jointly declared admissible on 4 March 1991 (see D.R. 68, p. 216). On 8 July 1993 the Commission adopted separate Reports concerning Applications Nos. 15299-15300/89 (Chrysostomos and Papachrysostomou v. Turkey, see D.R. 86-A, p. 4) and concerning Application No. 15318/89 (Loizidou v. Turkey, see Publications of the Court, Series A no. 310, p. 46).   15.     The former case was subsequently dealt with by the Committee of Ministers which, on 19 October 1995, adopted a resolution (DH (95) 245; see D.R. 86-A, p. 51) confirming the Commission's findings, namely that there had been no violation of the Convention Articles invoked by the applicants (Articles 3, 5 para. 1, 8 and 13) except for a violation of Article 8 as regards the second applicant. Part of the reasoning in the Commission's above Report was based on the consideration that Turkey could not be held responsible under the Convention for acts of the Turkish Cypriot authorities in northern Cyprus.   16.     Part of the Loizidou case (the complaints under Article 8 of the Convention and under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 with regard to access to property) was referred to the Court by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus pursuant to former Article 48 (b) of the Convention, Turkey having in the meantime, on 22 January 1990, recognised the Court's compulsory jurisdiction by a declaration made under former Article 46 of the Convention. By a judgment of 23 March 1995 (Series A no. 310) the Court rejected the preliminary objections raised by the Government of Turkey, holding in particular that the acts complained of were capable of falling within Turkish "jurisdiction" within the meaning of Article 1 of the Convention, responsibility of a Contracting Party also arising when as a consequence of military action - whether lawful or unlawful - it exercises effective control of an area outside its national territory and irrespective of whether such control is exercised directly, through its armed forces, or through a subordinate local administration ( ibid . p. 24, paras. 62 and 64). On 18 December 1996, the Court ruled on the merits of the case, holding that the denial of access to the applicant's property and consequent loss of control thereof was imputable to Turkey and constituted a breach of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1, but that there had been no breach of Article 8 of the Convention (Loizidou v. Turkey (merits) judgment, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996-VI, p. 2216). A judgment on the application of former Article 50 of the Convention in this case was issued by the Court on 28 July 1998 (Reports 1998-IV, p. 1807).   17.     A considerable number of further individual applications relating to various aspects of the situation in northern Cyprus have been introduced against Turkey and are still pending before the Commission or the Court.     B.   THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PRESENT APPLICATION   18.     In the present application the applicant Government state that "Turkey continues to occupy about 40% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus seized in consequence of the invasion of Cyprus by Turkish troops on 20 July 1974". They contend that since 4 October 1983, when the Commission adopted its Report in respect of Application No. 8007/77, Turkey continues to commit "in the Turkish occupied area of Cyprus" breaches of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13 of the Convention, of Articles 1, 2 and 3 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention, and of Articles 14 and 17 of the Convention in conjunction with all these Articles.   19.     The applicant Government's specific complaints will be set out in detail at the beginning of each Chapter of Part II of the present Report. The violations alleged by the applicant Government concern essentially the fate of Greek Cypriot missing persons, interference with the property and home of Greek Cypriot displaced persons, the living conditions of enclaved Greek Cypriots in the Karpas area, allegations of interference with electoral rights of displaced Greek Cypriots and the situation of Turkish Cypriots in northern Cyprus. Finally, the applicant Government complain under former Article 32 para. 4 of the Convention that Turkey has failed to put an end to the violations of the Convention established in the Commission's 1976 Report.     C.   PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION   20.     The representatives of the Parties in the proceedings before the Commission were:   -   Mr. Alecos MARKIDES, Attorney-General of the Republic of Cyprus, Agent for the applicant Government; and   -   Professor Dr. Bakir ÇAĞLAR,   Agent for the respondent Government at the admissibility stage, and Ambassador Riza TÜRMEN, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Turkey to the Council of Europe, and subsequently Professor Zaim M. NEÇATIGIL, acting as Agents for the respondent Government at the merits stage.     1)   Proceedings on admissibility   21.     The application was introduced on 22 November and registered on 24 November 1994. Particulars of the application were filed on 3 March 1995.   22.     The respondent Government, in their written observations of 10 July 1995 on the admissibility of the application and in their oral submissions at the hearing on 28 June 1996, requested the Commission to declare the application inadmissible on the following grounds:   -   that Turkey lacked jurisdiction and responsibility in respect of the territory of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), where the alleged acts were claimed to have been committed;   -   that the application was substantially the same as the previous applications Nos. 6780/74-695O/75 and 8007/77 introduced by Cyprus against Turkey, and that the introduction by the applicant Government of a new application concerning the same matters despite an allegedly binding and final decision of the Committee of Ministers amounted to an abuse of the Convention procedure ("collateral estoppel");   -   that there had been a special agreement under former Article 62 of the Convention to settle the dispute by means of other international procedures, namely the intercommunal talks and the UN Committee on Missing Persons;   -   that domestic remedies had not been exhausted, as required by former Article 26 of the Convention, and that the time-limit of six months, laid down in former Article 26, for bringing a case before the Commission had not been observed.   23.     In the cover letter of their observations of 10 July 1995, the respondent Government also stated that, by submitting observations on the admissibility of the application, they did not intend to accord any degree of recognition to the "Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus" or of their " locus standi " in the present case.   24.     In their written observations in reply of 19 December 1995 and their oral submissions at the hearing on 28 June 1996 the applicant Government contested all these arguments.   25.     In its decision of 28 June 1996 on the admissibility of the application (D.R. 86-A, p. 104 ff = Appendix I to the present Report), the Commission found:   -   that there were no reasons to exclude at this stage any part of the application on the ground that the acts complained of were prima facie incapable of falling within Turkish jurisdiction within the meaning of Article 1 of the Convention, and that it was to be determined at the merits stage of the proceedings whether the matters complained of were actually imputable to Turkey and gave rise to her responsibility under the Convention;   -   that the Convention did not authorise it to declare inadmissible an application filed under former Article 24 of the Convention on the ground that it was substantially the same as a previous inter-State application, and that it must reserve for the merits the question whether and to which extent the applicant Government could have a valid legal interest in the determination of alleged continuing violations insofar as they had already been dealt with in previous Reports of the Commission;   -   that the application could not be declared inadmissible on the ground of an alleged res iudicata effect of the Committee of Ministers' decisions concerning the previous inter-State applications nor on the ground that there was "collateral estoppel" because of an alleged abuse of the Convention procedure;   -   that the conditions for invoking a "special agreement" under former Article 62 of the Convention were not fulfilled in the present case and that it was not therefore prevented from examining the application notwithstanding the fact that certain aspects of the situation underlying the application were being dealt with, from a different angle, by other international bodies;   -   that the application could not