CEDH · CASELAW;DECISIONS;ADMISSIBILITY;ENG — 27 juin 2000

.s800EAC49 { font-size:12pt } .s598389FD { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; font-size:16pt } .sBB9EE52A { font-family:Arial } .sFE10DC93 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center } .s32563E28 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt } .s23A41E03 { width:36pt; display:inline-block } .sCB9E0544 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left } .sBA8DCCFC { width:35.45pt; display:inline-block } .s31BEBB9E { width:7.26pt; display:inline-block } .sA36B60A1 { font-family:Arial; font-style:italic } .sE55CAA3E { width:1.26pt; display:inline-block } .s8CD1BA8C { width:6.58pt; display:inline-block } .s9872C2C6 { width:15.43pt; display:inline-block } .s76CF415B { page-break-before:always; clear:both } .s29100277 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold } .s13F94BDE { font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .sB024CFF8 { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s6B505E72 { margin:0pt; padding-left:0pt } .s81D7C79 { margin-left:15.01pt; padding-left:2.99pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s1D75F0E8 { margin-left:18pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s14C34524 { font-size:8pt; vertical-align:super } .s556ED54D { font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .sDCA300E0 { margin-left:15.01pt; padding-left:8.24pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s71C2A649 { margin-left:21.68pt; padding-left:1.57pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .sA5E5352 { margin-left:15.01pt; padding-left:6.29pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s6C7C4204 { margin-top:0pt; margin-left:22.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-22.5pt; text-align:center } .sC78F6BC8 { margin-left:22.5pt; text-indent:-22.5pt; font-family:Arial; letter-spacing:-0.1pt; list-style-position:inside } .sF6DACB3F { width:6.29pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block } .sBA7BC07E { margin-left:15.01pt; padding-left:2.99pt; font-family:Arial } .sCC5C9D73 { letter-spacing:-0.1pt } .s944BDE53 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:36pt } .s3985515B { margin-top:0pt; margin-left:36pt; margin-bottom:0pt } .s8AFB426F { width:32.67pt; display:inline-block } .s10A1E69F { margin-top:0pt; margin-left:36pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:36pt } .sBF0FE613 { width:36pt; text-indent:0pt; display:inline-block } .s75748449 { width:49.89pt; display:inline-block } .s8B1E4AB6 { width:261.17pt; display:inline-block } .s5A65B3DC { width:46.56pt; display:inline-block } .sD49C56F { width:262.16pt; display:inline-block } THIRD SECTION   FINAL DECISION   AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF   Application no. 15973/90 by Constantinos LORDOS and 12 Others against Turkey     The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting on 27   June   2000 as a Chamber composed of     Mr   J.-P. Costa, President ,   Mr   W. Fuhrmann,   Mr   L. Loucaides,   Mrs   F. Tulkens,   Sir   Nicolas Bratza,   Mr   K. Traja, judges ,   Mr   F. Gölcüklü, ad hoc judge, and   Mrs   S. Dollé, Section Registrar ,     Having regard to the above application introduced with the European Commission of Human Rights on 20   December   1989 and registered on 10   January   1990,     Having regard to Article 5 § 2 of Protocol No. 11 to the Convention, by which the competence to examine the application was transferred to the Court,     Having regard to the Commission’s partial decision of 29   August   1994,     Having regard to the observations submitted by the respondent Government and the observations in reply submitted by the applicants,     Having deliberated, decides as follows: THE FACTS     The applicants are all citizens of the Republic of Cyprus. They are Lordos Constantinos born on the 1 March 1940 in Famagusta, Christofides Kikis born on the 18 April 1941 in Famagusta, Spiridonos Zacharias born on the 30 March 1938 in Rizokarpaso, Ioannou Stavros born on the 20 August 1952 in Famagusta, Ionidou Areti born on the 19 January 1946 in Famagusta, Evangelides Michalis born on the 28 December 1953 in Famagusta, Loizides Loizos born on the 19 August 1925 in Koma tou Yialou, Hadjimanolis Christos born on the 23   July 1940 in Tochni, Sergis Panayiotis born on the 20 February 1929 in Trikomo, Misirlis Georgios born on the 12 February 1952 in Famagusta, Rouvas Georgios born on the 12   September 1926 in Kalopsida, Famagusta, Antoniadou Eleni born on the 9 October 1948 in Nicosia and Mandrides Stelios born on 7 September 1948 in Kano, Nigeria. They all reside against their will in various parts of the non-occupied part of the Republic of Cyprus and are either self-employed or employed by the Cyprus Republic. In the proceedings before the Court they are represented by Mr Adamos Adamides, a lawyer practising in Limassol.     The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, may be summarised as follows.     The applicants and the group of individuals whom they represent were permanent residents of and have their homes as well as other immovable properties in Famagusta, in northern Cyprus, which they were forced to leave as the invading Turkish forces were advancing in July 1974. The applicants and their families fled from their homes leaving behind all the contents, including precious personal belongings.     In all cases the applicants have Certificates of Registration issued either before or after the Turkish invasion, with the sole exception of a building site in Famagusta, Trikomo, belonging to P. Sergis, who is applicant No.7 and this property is numbered as No. 2 on his list of immovable property in Annex 11 to the applicants’ observations.     It should be noted that the respondent Government have not challenged any of the titles regarding the immovable property.     The applicants left behind in Famagusta the following real property, of which they claim to be the owners:   1. Constantinos G. LORDOS   Kyrenia, Livera, Fyrades-Tsounni, Plot No. 1 Sheet/Plan: 5/54, Area: 47:2:335m² Use: Land, Share:1/15. Famagusta, Egkomi, Salamina, Plot No. 56/1, Sheet/Plan: 24/42, Area: 0:8:900m², Use: Land, Share:1/12. Famagusta, Trikomo, Finikoudia/Leivadia, Plot Nos. 209, 211, 199/1, Sheet/Plan: 15/43, Area: 0:3:213, 0:1:894, 1:3:409, Use: Land, Share: 1/3, 1/3, ½ respectively. Famagusta, Trikomo, Pervolia Trikomou/Kokkines, Plot No. 140/1, Sheet/Plan: 15/43, Area: 1:6:92, Use: Land, Share: 1/3. Famagusta, Vasili, Ammos, Plot Nos. 172, 173, 179, Sheet/Plan: 8/21, Area: 0:8:455m², 0:8:848, 0:4:977, Use: Land, Share: 1/8 in all. Famagusta, Vasili, Ammos, Plot Nos. 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, Sheet/Plan: 8/21, Area: 0:6:924, 0:9:912, 0:1:800, 0:1:791, 0:2:370, 0:2:568, Use: Land, Share: ½ in all. Famagusta, Avgorou, Mantres tou Tzipou, Plot No. 187, Sheet/Plan: 32/40, Area: 0:6:331, Use: Land, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Avgorou, Mantres tou Tzipou, Plot Nos. 204, 205, 206, 207, 208/1, 208/2, Sheet/Plan: 32/40, Area: 1:1:3, 1:3:704, 0:4:513, 0:4:696, 0:2:655, 0:2:508, Use: Land, Share:¼. Famagusta, Ayios Theodoros, Valia, Plot No. 14, Sheet/Plan: 15/24, Area: 1:1:520, Use: Land, Share:1/5. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1265, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.4, Use: Shop A Lordos Cyprian Court, Share: No. 1265, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.4, Use: Shop D - Lordos Cyprian Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 777, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.1.2, Block A, Area: 0:1:864, Use: Land and buildings, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1009, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.2, Block D, Area 0:0:660, Use: Land and building 10 shops, 8 flats, 2 underground stores, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Memnon, Plot Nos. 370, 379, Sheet/Plan: 33/29.3.4, Block E, Area: 0:3:821, Use: Land, Share: 7/20. Famagusta, Acropolis, Plot No. 463, Sheet/Plan: 33/21/4.3, Block J, Area: 0:0:260, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 83, 85, Sheet/Plan: 33/3, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Land under development, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 19, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Block D, Area: 1:8:80, Use: Land in industrial area, Share: 1/6. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 1192, 1194, 1181, 1183, Sheet/Plan: 24/60, Block C, Area: 0:0:521, 0:0:535, 0:0:518, 0:0:530, Use: Building site, Share: 1/10, 1/10, ¼, ¼ respectively. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 49, Sheet/Plan:. 24.60, Block D, Area: 6:5:350, Use: Land, Share: 11/80. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 949, Sheet/Plan: 24/60, Block C, Area: 4:7:9, Use: Land under development, Share: 1/10. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 180, 181, 183, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Block D, Area: 0:0:970, 0:0:838, 0:0:731, Use: Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 192, 194, 195, Sheet/Plan: 33/3, Block D, Area: 0:0:793, 0:0:771, 0:0:801, Use: Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 667, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Block D, Area: 0:0:533, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 1960, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Block D, Area: 4:5:732, Use: Land, Share: 17/100. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 1650, 1651, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1665, 1667, 1668, 1680, Sheet/Plan: 33/3, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Land, Share: 7/20. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot No. 1703, Sheet/Plan: 33/3, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site, Share: 7/20. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1006, Sheet/Plan: 33/12/6.2, Block D, Area: 0:0:552, Use: Land and buildings, 6 shops, 4 bedroom (offices), 2 underground stores, Share ¼. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 781, Sheet/Plan: 3/12.1.2. Block A, Area: 1:0:1455, Use: Golden Plage Hotel (3 star) (96 rooms, reception room, bar, cafeteria, restaurant), Share: ¼. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 181, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.1.2, Block A, Area: 0:0:466, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Kantara, Plot No. 56, Sheet/Plan: 68/39, Area: Unknown, Use: Kantara Lodge (9 double rooms, billiard room, sitting room), Share ¼. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 850, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.2.1, Block A, Area: Unknown, Use: Studio No. 6 Lordos des Sirenes, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 850, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.2.1, Block A, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 9 Lordos des Sirenes, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.2 Block C, Area: 0:1:815, Use: Shop No. 1- Lordos Waterfront, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.2, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No.4 – 1 st Floor Lordos Waterfront, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.2, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 36 -   2 bedrooms - 5 th Floor Lordos Waterfront, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.2, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No 31 4 th Floor, Lordos Waterfront, Share: ¼.   Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13/1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Shop B- Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 2 - 1 bedroom ground floor - Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 33 - 2 bedrooms - 7 th Floor Lordos Seagate Court. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 52 - 2 bedrooms - 1 st Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 54 - 2 bedrooms - 2 nd Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 62 - 2 bedrooms - Ground Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 75 - 2 bedrooms - 4 th Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 77 - 2 bedrooms - Ground Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 17 - 3 bedrooms - 3 rd Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 56 - 2 bedrooms - 3 rd Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 58 - 2 bedrooms - 4 th Floor Lordos Seagate Court, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 542, Sheet/Plan: 24/51, Block D, Area: 0:0:557, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Kennedy Avenue, Plot No. 982, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.2.3 +33/21.2.1, Area: Unknown, Use: Apollon Court, Flats facing sea furnished and rented as hotel apartments, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Kennedy Avenue, Plot No. 850, Sheet/Plan: 33.21.2.1, Area: Unknown, Use: Shops, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Kennedy Avenue, Plot No. 850, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.2.1, Area: Unknown, Use: 2 Flats facing the sea in Lordos les Sirenes Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Stavros, Plot No. 995, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.IV, Area: 0:0:21, Use: Lordos Etoile Court- 1 Flat facing sea, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos Plot Nos. 561, 563, 355, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.IV, Area: Unknown, Use: one three bedroom flat, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No - Sheet Number - Unknown, Area: Unknown, Use: Lordos Seagate Court - 2 one bedroom flats - 1 three bedroom flat - 2 two bedroom flats, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Tricomo, Plot No. 89, Sheet/Plan: 15/59, Area: 0:3:711, Use: Seaside land near Nicolas Beach, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Plot No. 60, Sheet/Plan: 24/11, Area: 0:3:202, Use: Seaside land, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Plot Nos. 261, 262, Sheet/Plan: 24/18, Area: 0:4:770, 0:6:244, Use: Seaside land, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Plot No. 68/2, Sheet/Plan: 24/10, Area: Unknown, Use: 15 Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Limnia, Plot and Sheet Nos. Unknown, Area: 6 Donums, Use: Land abutting main Famagusta Nicosia new road. Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Plot and Sheet Nos. Unknown, Area: 16 Donums, Use: Orange Garden at Ayios. Sergios, Apostolos Varnavas. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Salamis Avenue, Plot Nos. 4, 25, 27, 34, 38, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.E.1, Area: Unknown, Use: 5 Building sites in Eucalyptus Plantation, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot No. 1960, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Area: 34:0:2655, Use: Building land, Share: 17/100. Famagusta, Neoptolemos Street, Plot Nos. 406, 1457, 1460, 1474, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Area: unknown, 0:0:541, 0:0:523, 0:0:505, Share: Whole with exception of 1457 where share ½. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Salamis Avenue, Plot No. Unknown, Sheet/Plan: 24/59, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site, Eucalyptus plantation, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot No. Unknown, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.E.1 +11, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site No. 30, Eucalyptus Plantation, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 156, 324, 289, Sheet/Plan: 24/59- 33/03, Area: 5:2:939, 1:1:262, 3:0:109, Use: Building land: 90 Donums abutting main Salamis Avenue, UN Camp, Share: ½. Famagusta: Ayios Loucas, Karaolos, Plot No. 1480, Sheet/Plan: 24/60, Area: 1:5:423, Use: Building land, Share: 1/10. Famagusta, Karaolos, Plot No. 506, 507, Sheet/Plan: 33/4.W.1 + 24/60.W.2, Area: 16 Donums, Use: 9 Building sites , Share: ½. Famagusta Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 204, 205 Sheet/Plan: 33/4, Area: 1:1:814, Use: 9 Donums, Building sites in the vicinity of New Famagusta Harbour, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot No. 395, Sheet Plan: 33/59, Area: Unknown, Share: ¼.   2. Kikis L. CHRISTOFIDES   Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1171, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Area: 705m², Use: Residence on 1 st floor and rented shops and offices on ground floor, Share: This property is wholly in the name of his wife Eleni. K. Christofides. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 272, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.4, Area: 521m², Use: Residence on 1 st floor and rented shops and offices on ground Floor, Share: ½. Famagusta, Kantara Davlos, Plot No. 7/50, Sheet/Plan: 68.13/1/1, Area: Unknown, Use: House with a big garden, his summer house, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Lefkonico, Registration No. 4400, Plot No. 300/1, Sheet/Plan: 14/60, Area: 0:1:822, Use: Buildings & buildings sites all for rent, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 293, Sheet/Plan: 33/13, Block E, Area: 0:1:130, Use: multi-storey building complex of hotel apartments all for rent, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1002 Sheet/Plan: 33/12 Block D, Area: 736m², Use: Building & offices, one of which was the applicant’s office, Share: ½. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5355, Plot No. 776, Sheet/Plan: 3319, Block D, Area: 1:3:3200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 782, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 783, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 784, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 785, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 786, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 787, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 788, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 789, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5385, Plot No. 806, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:500, Use: Plot of land for development or sale, Share: ½. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5386, Plot No. 807, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:3200, Use: Plot of land for development or sale, Share: ½. Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5394, Plot No. 815, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 1:2:400, Use: Plot of land for development or sale, Share: ½. Famagusta, Ayios Lukas, Plot No. 617, Sheet/Plan: 33/11, Block B, Area: Unknown, Use: Plot of land with a well, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 833, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Block D, Area: 976m², Use: Residence on 1 st floor and rented shops and offices on ground floor, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 834, Sheet/Plan: 33/11, Block D, Area: 839m², Use: House on 1 st floor and rented shops and offices on ground floor, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1139, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site, plans to build a multi-storey building for rent, Share: 1/9 (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1162, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Block D, Area: 806m², Use: Building site, plans to build a multi-storey building for rent, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1163, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Area: 634m², Use: Building site, plans to build a multi-storey building for rent, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Chrisi Akti, Plot No. 973, Sheet/Plan: 33/21, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: 24 flats for rent by the beach, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Memnon, Plot No. 216, Sheet/Plan: 33/29, Block D, Area:0:5:438, Use: Orange grove, in tourist area near the beach with plans to develop, Share: 1/18 (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Memnon, Plot No. 130, Sheet/Plan: 33/29, Block E, Area:1:1:391, Use: Orange grove, in tourist area near the beach with plans to develop, Share: 1/28 (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Almiros, Plot No. 212, Sheet/Plan: 24/26, Area:0:1:106, Use: In tourist area near the beach with plans to develop into hotel apartments, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Ayios Sergios, Koukouridia, Plot No. 19, Sheet/Plan: 24/35, Area: 0:2:129, Use: Land in tourist area near the beach with plans to build hotel, Share: ½   (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5356, Plot No. 777, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5357, Plot No. 778, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5358, Plot No. 779, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5359, Plot No. 780, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 781, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5369, Plot No. 790, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5370, Plot No. 791, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5371, Plot No. 792, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5372, Plot No. 793, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5373, Plot No. 794, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5374, Plot No. 795, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5378, Plot No. 796, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5374, Plot No. 795, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2200, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5387, Plot No. 808, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5388, Plot No. 809, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5389, Plot No. 810, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5390, Plot No. 811, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5391, Plot No. 812, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5392, Plot No. 813, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Registration No. 5393, Plot No. 814, Sheet/Plan: 33/19, Block D, Area: 0:1:2000, Use: Building site for development or sale, Share: ½ (his wife). Famagusta, Larnaca Road, Plot No. 353 (Old No. 249), Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Block A, Area: 0:2:359, Use: Three building sites, all for rent, Share: the registered owner is his mother C. L. Christofides.   3. Zacharias SPYRIDONOS   Famagusta, Monarga, Boghas, Registration No. 289, Plot No. 370/30, Sheet/Plan: 289, Area: 0:2:2000, Use: Residence along with other buildings and land, Share: Whole.   4. Stavros IOANNOU   Famagusta, Ayia Zoni, Plot No. 162, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.4.1, Area: 2809m², Use: Residence, Share: Registered Owner, Yiannis Ioannou (Father). 5. Areti G. IONIDES   Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1265, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.IV Block E, Area: Unknown, Use: Shop G - ground floor, Lordos Cyprian Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 777, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.I.II - Block A, Area: 1:1:2063, Use: Land and buildings, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1009, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.II, Block D, Area: 0:1:3504, Use: 10 shops, 8 flats, 2 underground stores, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Memnon, Plot Nos. 370,379, Sheet/Plan: 33/29.3.III, Block E, Area: 0:3: 821, Use: Land, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Akropolis, Plot No. 463, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.4.III, Area: 0:0:2798, Use: Building   site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 85, 83, Sheet/Plan: 33/3 W.2, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Land under development, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 19, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.W.2, Block C, Area: 13:2:211, Use: Land in industrial area, Share:1/6. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 1181, 1183, 1192, 1194, Sheet/Plan: 24/60. W.2, Block C, Area: 0:1:1975, 0:1:2104, 0:1:2007, 0:1:2158, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 49, Sheet/Plan: 24/60.W.2, Block D, Area: 48:3:1421, Use: Land, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 949, Sheet/Plan: 24/60.W.2, Block C, Area: 35:0:2000, Use: Land under development, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 180, 181, 183, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.E.2, Block D, Area: 0:2:3240, 0:2:1820, 0:2:668, Use: Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot Nos. 192, 194, 195, Sheet/Plan: 33/3.E.1, Block D, Area: 0:2:1335, 0:2:1098, 0:2:1421, Use: Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 667, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.W.1, Block D, Area: 0:1:2137, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 1960, Sheet/Plan: 24/59.E.1, Block D, Area: 34:0:2655, Use: Land, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Loucas, Plot Nos. 1650, 1651, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1665, 1667, 1668, 1680, 1703, Sheet/Plan: 33/3.E.1, Block C,   Area: Unknown, Use: Building sites, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1006, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.II, Block D, Area: 0:1:2341, Use: 6 shops, 4 bedrooms-offices, 2 underground stores, Share: 1/8.   Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 781, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.1.2, Block A, Area: 1:0:1455, Use: Golden Plage Hotel (3 star hotel, 96 rooms, reception room, bar, cafeteria, restaurant, upper ground floor), Share: ¼. Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 181, Sheet/Plan: 33.21.1.II, Block A, Area: 0:1:1415, Use: Building site, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Kantara, Plot Nos. 56, 68/39, Sheet/Plan: VII/50.6.I, Area: Unknown, Use: Kantara Lodge (9 double rooms, billiard room, sitting room), Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.II, Block C, Area: 1:1:1536, Use: Shop No. 6- Lordos Waterfront, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.II, Block C, Area: 1:1:1536, Use: Flat No. 32 - 2 bedrooms - 4 th Floor - Lordos Waterfront, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 645, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.II, Block C, Area: 1:1:1536, Use: Flat No. 31 - 2 bedrooms - 4 th Floor - Lordos Waterfront, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Shop C - Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 11 - 1 bedroom - 2 nd Floor, Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Studio No. 46 - 11 th Floor - Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 38 - 2 bedrooms - 9 th Floor - Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 105 - 2 bedrooms - ground floor, Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 13 - 3 bedrooms - 2 nd floor, Lordos Seagate Court, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 56 - 2 bedrooms - 3 rd floor, Lordos Seagate Court, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 714, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.1, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Flat No. 58 - 2 bedrooms - 4 th Floor, Lordos Seagate Court, Share: ¼. Famagusta, Salamina, Plot No. 542, Sheet/Plan: 24/51.E.1, Area: 0:1:2395, Use: Building site, Share: ¼.   6. Michalis EVANGELIDES   Famagusta, Chrisi Akti, Plot No. 701, Sheet/Plan: 33//13.4.3, Area: Unknown, Use: Home, Share: Whole.   7. Loizos. D. LOIZIDES   Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Registration No. 6989, Plot No. 538, Sheet/Plan:33/12.4, Block C, Area: 2940ft², Use: House for rent, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Registration No. 6990, Plot No. 539, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.IV, Block C, Area: 2560ft², Use: House for rent, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Registration No. 6989/6990, Plot No. 538/9, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.4, Area: 0:0:238, Use: Residence, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Derinia, Registration No. 9333, Plot No. 15/2, Sheet/Plan: 33/28, Area: Unknown, Use: Plot of land for 15 building sites, for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Derinia, Registration No. 9326, Plot No. 35/1/9/2, Sheet/Plan: 33/37, Area: Unknown, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: his wife F. Loizides is the registered owner of the property. Famagusta, Derinia, Registration No. 8980, Plot No. 35/1/8, Sheet/Plan: 33/37, Area: 0:2:3467, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: his wife F. Loizides is the registered owner of the property. Famagusta, Derinia, Registration No. 9303, Plot No. 43/4, Sheet/Plan: 33/29, Area: 0:1:2169, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: his wife F. Loizides is the registered owner of the property. Famagusta, Derinia, Registration No. 9305, Plot No. 43/6, Sheet/Plan: 33/29, Area: 1:0:2499, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: his wife F. Loizides is the registered owner of the property.   8. Christos HADJIMANOLIS   Famagusta, Ayia Zoni, Registration No. 9514, Plot No. 308, Sheet/Plan: 33/20.6. IV, Area: 0:2:1152, Use: Residence, Share: Melani Hadjimanoli, his wife is the registered owner of the property. 9. Panayiotis SERGIS       Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Registration No. 6447, Plot No. 292/6, Sheet/Plan: 283/1/2, Area: 0:1: 2400, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kasallos, Plot No, Area, Sheet/Plan: and Registration Number could not be obtained. Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6449, Plot Nos. 283/1/4, 291/1, 292/8, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6456, Plot No. 283/1/5, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:3400, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6457, Plot No. 283/1/6, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:2:0, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6458, Plot No. 283/1/7, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:2:0, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6452, Plot Nos. 283/1/8, 291/4 Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6453, Plot Nos. 283/1/9, 291/5 Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.     Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6459, Plot No. 283/1/10, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:2:0, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6460, Plot No. 283/2/1, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:2:100, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6461, Plot No. 283/2/1, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2400, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6462, Plot No. 283/2/2, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2800, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6463, Plot No. 283/2/3, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2700, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6464, Plot No. 283/2/4, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6465, Plot Nos. 283/2/5, 291/8, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6466, Plot Nos. 283/2/6, 290/1, 291/9, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2700, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6467, Plot Nos. 290/2, 291/10, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2100, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6468, Plot No. 291/6, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2300, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6468, Plot No. 291/7, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:1900, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6442, Plot Nos. 292/1, 305.3/2, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2900, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6443, Plot Nos. 292/2, 305.3/3, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:3200, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6444, Plot Nos. 292/3, 305.3/4, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:2:400, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6445, Plot No. 292/4, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2600, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Trikomo, Kotsines, Karpasias Road, Registration No. 6441, Plot No. 305.3/1, Sheet/Plan: 15/43.E.II, Area: 0:1:2900, Use: Building site for sale or development, Share: Whole.   10. Georgios MISIRLIS   Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 287, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.3.IV, Block B, Area: Unknown, Use: The 2 nd floor was a residence and the ground floor were shops for rent, Share: The owner of this property is his wife, Mari G. Misirli.   11. Georgios ROUVAS   Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1181, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.4, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: Residence, Share: The owner of this property is his wife, Keti Rouva. Famagusta, Ayia Zoni, Plot No. 101, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.4, Block D, Area: Unknown, Use: House for rent, Share: Whole.   12. Eleni ANDONIADOU   Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 170, Sheet/Plan: 33/12, Block A, Area: 733m², Use: Residence, Share: ½.   13. Stelios MANDRIDES   Famagusta, Chrysi Akti, Plot No. 28, Sheet/Plan: 33/21.2.3, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Apartment, residence, Share: Whole. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Registration No. 4186, Plot No. 97, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.4.1, Block E, Area: 0:1:1857, Use: Hotel apartments and cafeteria on ground floor for rent, Share: 51%, and his sister Athina Mandrides 49%. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Registration No. 3253, Plot No. 112, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.2, Block E, Area: 0:2:1927, Use: Hotel apartments and cafeteria on ground floor for rent, Share: 51%, and his sister Athina Mandrides 49%. Famagusta, Ayios Ioannis, Plot No. 165, Sheet/Plan: 33/13.1.4, Block C, Area: Unknown, Use: Beach hotel owned by family company, Share: Registered owner, Famagusta Hotels Ltd (100%) owned by Mandrides Properties Ltd), Stelios Mandrides 51%, Athina Mandrides 49%. Famagusta, Ayios Memnon, Plot No. 330, Sheet/Plan: 33/29.3.4, Block E, Area: 2:0:1059, Use: Plot of land on the Famagusta Beach destined for a hotel, Share: Mandrides Properties Ltd, Stelios Mandrides 51%, Athina Mandrides 49%. Famagusta, Ayios Nicolaos, Plot No. 1185, Sheet/Plan: 33/12.6.2, Block D, Area: 0:1:1200, Use: Building consisting of ground floor shops, offices & apartments, investment income property, Share: Mandrides Properties Ltd), Stelios Mandrides 51%, Athina Mandrides 49%.     Since 1974 the applicants have not been able to return to their homes and have been continuously prevented from exercising their property rights, including the enjoyment of their property.     COMPLAINTS     The applicants complain under Articles 1, 8, 13 and 14 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 that their rights to respect for their home and to the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions are violated. They further submit that they are subjected to discrimination in the enjoyment of the above-mentioned rights. (They initially complained of a violation of Article 2 of Protocol No. 4 to the Convention, but this was declared inadmissible by the Commission as Turkey had not ratified that Protocol.)     They allege that since the invasion of the northern part of Cyprus in July and August 1974, on various occasions Turkey has prevented, and still today prevents them, because of their religion and national origin, to return to their homes and properties, to move freely to northern Cyprus and to exercise their rights over their homes and the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions, in breach of the aforementioned Articles.     THE LAW   The applicants complain that their rights to the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 and to respect for their homes under Article 8 of the Convention are violated. They also complain that they are subjected to discrimination in the enjoyment of the above-mentioned rights, contrary to Article 14 of the Convention, and that they have no effective remedy, contrary to Article 13 of the Convention, as there is no recognised legal forum where they may seek redress for the violations of which they complain.   Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 provides as follows:   “Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”   Article 8 of the Convention provides as follows:   “1.     Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.   2.     There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.”   Article 14 of the Convention provides as follows:   “The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.”   Article 13 of the Convention provides as follows:   “ Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in this Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”     The Government submit that the applicants have no title to the properties in question in view of the constitutional and legal provisions applying in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and/or in view of the administrative acts of expropriation under the laws of the TRNC. As a result of the entry into force of the provisions of Article 159 of the TRNC Constitution, these properties are no longer registered in the names of the applicants.       The Government recall that in view of the temporal restriction in the Turkish Declaration recognising the jurisdiction of the Court, the applicants’ allegations of a violation of the Convention prior to 22 January 1990 should be declared inadmissible. Furthermore, there would be no causal link between the Turkish intervention in 1974 and the alleged violation after the recognition of the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court in 1990, in view of the political developments which took place after the Turkish intervention.   In the light of the above, the Government submit that the application is incompatible either ratione materiae or ratione temporis .   Moreover, the Government contend that the application is incompatible ratione personae . Turkey alleges that it has no jurisdiction or control over the northern part of Cyprus as regards the applicants’ complaints. The existence of “jurisdiction” under Article 1 of the Convention does not create an irrebuttable presumption of control and responsibility, as is indicated by the Commission in the case of Chrysostomos and Papachrysostomou v. Turkey (D.R. 86-A, p.4). The applicants’ properties have been expropriated by the administrative acts of the authorities of Northern Cyprus under the laws and constitutional provisions applicable in the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (TFSC) and its successor, the TRNC, an independent State. The acts complained of are not imputable to Turkey. In this connection the respondent Government refer in detail to the history of Cyprus since 1960, emphasising in particular the following:   - the bi-communal character of the 1960 Constitution and the obligation of Cyprus, under international treaty obligations, guaranteed by the signatories of the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee to maintain her independence, territorial integrity and the fundamental principles of the Constitution;   - the alleged responsibility of the Greek Cypriot side for the breakdown of the 1960 constitutional arrangements in 1963 and the subsequent changing of basic principles of the Constitution;   - the allegedly intolerable situation of the enclaved Turkish Cypriots in the period between 1964 and 1974, which caused them to set up their own administration as of December 1967;   - the fact that the Turkish intervention in July 1974 was preceded by a coup d'état of Greek officers of the National Guard who pursued the aim of the unification of Cyprus with Greece (Enosis);   - the contention that the Turkish military operation in 1974 was carried out in conformity with Article IV of the Treaty of Guarantee to protect the rights of Turkish Cypriots;   - the proclamation of the TFSC on 13 February 1975 and its Constitution which contained a declared intention that the TFSC would one day form part of a federation of the whole of Cyprus;   - the contention that the subsequent voluntary relocation of both the Turkish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot communities in separate parts of the island was the result of agreements achieved in inter-communal talks held in Vienna in July/August 1975, these agreements being fully implemented under UN auspices, UN troops moving into the newly established buffer zone;   - the agreement achieved in 1977 and 1979 between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot leaders for seeking a federal solution on the basis of a bi-communal and bi-zonal federation, a concept which, it is contended, is still valid as a basic guideline for the inter-communal talks;   - the stance of the Council of Europe and of its Parliamentary Assembly which refused to admit a unilateral Cypriot delegation from 1964 to 1983 and the fact that the bi-communal character of Cyprus was also reflected in the composition of the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights; - the establishment of the TRNC as an independent State on 15 November 1983 was declared by the legitimate representative body of the Turkish Cypriots in exercise of their right to self-determination, and that this did not constitute secession, as the bi-communal Republic of Cyprus had ceased to function due to the actions of the Greek Cypriot side since 1963;   - the subsequent development of the TRNC institutions was legitimate and in line with democratic principles and consolidated the statehood of the TRNC according to criteria accepted in international law;   - the contention that there exists in North Cyprus an administration exercising effective and exclusive executive, legislative and judicial authority, which has been acknowledged by the Commission in its report in the case of Chrysostomos and Papachrysostomou v. Turkey;   - the opinion that, despite the fact that it has not been recognised de jure by any other State than Turkey, the TRNC exists de facto as an independent State exercising all branches of State power on its territory. (In this connection the respondent Government refer to several decisions of English courts recognising that there was “an effective and autonomous administration in the North” and to the fact that Turkey, having recognised the TRNC de jure, does not claim for herself the exercise of power in that area).   In the Government’s view, the Loizidou v. Turkey judgement of the Court (judgement of 18 December 1996, Reports of Judgements and Decisions 1996-VI, p. 2216) cannot be considered as a precedent. The Court relied exclusively on Article 159 of the TRNC Constitution and had no knowledge of all the other facts entailing loss of the applicant’s property, such as the other intervening acts of the TRNC. Contrary to what the Court asserted, the Government never acknowledged in Loizidou v. Turkey that the applicant’s loss of control of her property stemmed from the occupation of the northern part of Cyprus and the establishment of the TRNC. As a matter of fact, the applicant’s loss of control and her inability to have access to her property depended on a number of factors, such as the cease-fire arrangements, the agreement for the relocation of populations, the unmanning agreement, the status of the UN buffer zone and the agreed principles of bi-communality and bi-zonality for an eventual settlement of the Cyprus problem.   Instead of examining the questions of responsibility and imputability in the light of the supervisory organs’ case-law on the matter, the Court preferred to make purely political statements regarding non-recognition of the TRNC on which it based its conclusions on the status of the TRNC, without even attempting to examine the criteria of statehood in international law. However, under international law, recognition is not a constitutive element of statehood. The Court disregarded the perfectly democratic structure of the TRNC, which possesses intrinsic legitimacy, and its comprehensive political and legal system, which maintains the legacy and great influence of Anglo-Saxon law.   The Court also disregarded other major aspects of the internationalisation, such as the Agreement on the Exchange of populations, the fact that the United Nations recognise the political equality of the two communities and the existence of a buffer zone. Although the Court made a political assessment of the TRNC, thus exceeding its jurisdiction, it confined itself on the merits to a narrow civil law approach, as if it was a matter of ordinary expropriation. Turkey does not have the power to interfere in the TRNC’s domestic affairs or to order it to repeal its constitutional provisions. Nor can it handle the TRNC’s foreign relations.   Turkey can neither legislate in respect of matters of property in the northern part of Cyprus, nor can it exercise any control over such property. Moreover, Turkey cannot compel the authorities of the TRNC to allow any Greek Cypriot to return to his or her property. The applicants’ case does not relate to cease-fire/border violations. Moreover, there is no question that can be related to the Turkish intervention of 1974. Furthermore, the acts of the TRNC expropriating the properties referred to by the applicants constitute novus actus interveniens. Because of these acts, Turkey cannot be held responsible.   Elaborating on the latter points, the respondent Government submit that, apart from the