CEDH · CASELAW;DECISIONS;ADMISSIBILITY;ENG — 23 mars 2010

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They are represented before the Court by Mr G.O. Zacharias Sundström and Mr Matti Kauppi, lawyers practising in Helsinki. A.     The circumstances of the case The facts of the case, as submitted by the applicants, may be summarised as follows. The applicants are current and former personnel of the Finnish defence forces. The pensions and retirement benefits of military personnel are determined by the State Pension Act ( valtion eläkelaki, lagen om statens pensioner ; Act no. 280/1966) which was amended in 1993 and again in 1995. In the 1995 amendment, the service time required by military personnel to stay in active duty in order to reach full pension rights was extended from 25 years to 30 years. In addition the amount of pension was decreased gradually from 66% to 60%. Also the annual accrual ( eläkekarttuma, pensionstillväxten ) for military personnel was decreased from 2.64% to 2%. In practice, it means that in order to reach the same pension rights and retirement benefits as before the 1995 amendment, military personnel have to stay in active duty for 3 to 27 months longer and air force personnel 44 to 57 months longer. Moreover, the absolute amount of pension payable after the amendment of 1995 decreases in comparison to that prior to the amendment. Apparently none of the applicants has yet retired. On 31 December 2004 the applicants lodged their individual actions with the Helsinki District Court ( käräjäoikeus, tingsrätten ), requesting it to confirm that the State of Finland had violated their property rights and the prohibition of discrimination, that the applicants had a right to a full pension in accordance with the 1966 State Pension Act, and that the State was obliged to pay back the unjust enrichment and to compensate the damage caused to them. The applicants claimed that the 1995 amendment was unconstitutional. The State argued that a District Court could not examine the constitutionality of an Act without a connection to a concrete case and that it was not competent to apply, even in theory, the State Pension Act. On 30 August 2006 the District Court dismissed the applicants’ complaints without examining the merits. It found that, according to the Constitution, everyone had the right of access to a court. As the competent court in pension matters was the Insurance Court ( Vakuutusoikeus, Försäkringsdomstolen ), the question of constitutionality of the provisions of the State Pension Act could not be examined in a concrete case by a District Court. Pension rights were social benefits which did not fall within the jurisdiction of a District Court. It was thus not competent to examine the applicants’ case. The applicants appealed to the Court of Appeal ( hovioikeus, hovrätten ), reiterating the grounds presented before the District Court and requesting that an oral hearing be held. On 5 December 2006 the Court of Appeal rejected the request for an oral hearing as manifestly unnecessary and upheld the District Court’s decision. It found that it was not in the District Court’s competence to examine claims based on the State Pension Act. The applicants’ claims had not been examined or decided in accordance with the State Pension Act and there was no decision from the Insurance Court concerning them. The applicants’ claims were thus premature and they had to be dismissed without examining the merits. The applicants appealed to the Supreme Court ( korkein oikeus, högsta domstolen ), reiterating the grounds of appeal presented before the Court of Appeal and requesting that an oral hearing be held. They referred, inter alia , to Article 6 of the Convention, to Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention as well as to Article 15 of the Finnish Constitution. On 24 October 2007 the Supreme Court granted the applicants leave to appeal. On 4 September 2008 the Supreme Court rejected the request for an oral hearing as unnecessary and upheld the Court of Appeal’s decision. It reasoned its decision as follows: “As the lower courts have stated, pensions under the State Pension Act are decided by the State Treasury whose decisions can, in accordance with section 162 of the State Pension Act, be appealed against to the Employment Pensions’ Appeal Board and further to the Insurance Court. As deciding on the grounds and the amount of state pensions does not fall within the competence of the ordinary courts of law, the claims made in the present case could not be examined on the merits. As the Supreme Court has stated in its published decision KKO2006:71, the primary responsibility for ensuring that enacted Acts are in conformity with the Constitution, both as to their content and the procedure followed, falls with the Parliament, and the interpretation of the Constitution in this context is the responsibility of the Parliament and especially of the Constitutional Committee. The possibility for the courts to assess the constitutionality of Acts enacted by Parliament is restricted, on the basis of Article   106 of the Constitution, to individual cases only. According to the said provision, a court of law shall give primacy to the provision in the Constitution if the application of an Act would be in evident conflict with the Constitution. A court must therefore take care, when examining an individual case, that the outcome of the case is not in evident conflict with the Constitution but it cannot estimate in general whether a certain provision is in contradiction with the Constitution (HE 1/1998 vp p. 163 and PeVM 10/1998 vp p. 31). The applicants have emphasised that the alleged violations of their fundamental and human rights must be examined together with their claims for unjust enrichment and compensation claims because examination of the latter claims falls within the competence of ordinary courts of law. The applicants have referred in this respect to the above-mentioned decision KKO 2006:71. In the said decision it was stated that the State cannot be held liable on the ground that a provision, which allegedly has been enacted in violation of the Constitution, has affected an individual in a manner which could not be avoided by applying Article 106 of the Constitution, unless the content of such an Act or the procedure followed was in evident contradiction with the Constitution. In the present case the alleged violation of fundamental and human rights manifests itself or will manifest itself in the decrease of the applicants’ pension rights. Therefore the assessment of the complaints and their grounds requires firstly the examination of the content of the applicable State Pension Act according to which the applicants’ pension is to be calculated, and to how big a pension the applicants are or will be entitled at the moment of retirement. As stated above, it is the task of the Insurance Court as the last instance to decide on questions concerning the applicants’ pension rights, in the event of their retirement. When deciding on pension issues, the Insurance Court must take into consideration the above-mentioned Article 106 of the Constitution, if needed, and give primacy to the provision in the Constitution if a provision in the State Pension Act is in evident conflict with the Constitution. The alleged unjust enrichment or damage can in the present case be prevented by applying Article 106 in the applicants’ pension case as far as there are grounds for it. In this respect the present case differs from the situation in the case KKO 2006:71. It is thus clear that there are no grounds to assess the alleged violation of fundamental and human rights or the compensation or other claims relating to it before it is clear how the State Pension Act will be applied in their case. Those applicants whose pensions have not yet been decided have no legal need to have their complaints examined before the grounds and the amount of their state pension have been decided. On these grounds the Supreme Court finds that there are no grounds to examine the present complaints. The dismissal of the complaints does not, however, mean that the applicants could not have the alleged violation of their pension rights duly examined in a competent court.” B.     Relevant domestic law Constitution Article 15 of the Constitution ( Suomen perustuslaki, Finlands grundlag ; Act no. 731/1999) provides that the property of everyone is protected. Provisions on the expropriation of property, for public needs and in consideration of full compensation, are laid down by an Act. Article 21 of the Constitution provides that: “[e]veryone has the right to have his or her case dealt with appropriately and without undue delay by a legally competent court of law or other authority, as well as to have a decision pertaining to his or her rights or obligations reviewed by a court of law or other independent organ for the administration of justice. Provisions concerning the publicity of proceedings, the right to be heard, the right to receive a reasoned decision and the right of appeal, as well as the other guarantees of a fair trial and good governance shall be laid down by an Act.” According to Article 98 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal and the District Courts are the ordinary courts of law. According to Article 106 of the Constitution: "[i]f, in a matter being tried by a court of law, the application of an Act would be in evident conflict with the Constitution, the court of law shall give primacy to the provision in the Constitution." State Pension Act According to section 162 of the current State Pension Act ( valtion eläkelaki, lagen om statens pensioner ; Act no. 1295/2006), appeal against a decision of the State Treasury ( Valtiokonttori, Statskontoret ) lies to the Employment Pensions’ Appeal Board ( työeläkeasioiden muutoksenhakulautakunta, besvärsnämnden för arbetspensionsärenden ) and further to the Insurance Court. COMPLAINTS 1.     The applicants complained under Articles 6 and 13 of the Convention that they had no effective access to a court to permit a judicial determination of their civil rights. 2.     They complained under the same Articles that the Court of Appeal had refused to hear oral arguments and to hear such witnesses as could have furnished the courts with details pertaining to the nature of the case and its admissibility in the ordinary courts of law. 3.     They further complained under the same Articles that the length of the proceedings had exceeded the “reasonable time” requirement for a purely procedural and preliminary matter. 4.     The applicants complained under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 and Article   13 that they had been deprived of their property. 5.     Lastly, they complained under Article 14 of the Convention of discrimination. THE LAW Complaint concerning access to a court The applicants complained that they had had no effective access to a court to permit a judicial determination of their civil rights. They relied on Articles 6 and 13 of the Convention which, in so far as relevant, provide as follows: “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by [a] ... tribunal ...” “Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.” The Court reiterates that Article 6 guarantees a right of access to a court but it neither guarantees a direct access to a court of constitutional jurisdiction in order to challenge the constitutionality of legislative provisions (see, for example Ruiz-Mateos and Others v. Spain , application no. 14324/88, Commission decision of 19 April 1991, DR   69, p.   227; and Posti and Rahko v. Finland , no. 27824/95, § 52, ECHR 2002 ‑ VII) , nor guarantees an applicant a favourable outcome to his case. In the present case, and even assuming that they had an arguable civil claim for the purposes of the applicability of Article 6, the Court can but note that the applicants had in fact access to three levels of jurisdiction. The fact that all three courts were unanimous in concluding that they had no competence at that stage to examine the applicants’ case cannot be said to have deprived them of their right of access to a court. The applicants were told that as a matter of domestic law their claims could only be examined once it was clear “how the State Pension Act will be applied in their case.” Accordingly, when the applicants are concretely affected by the new retirement provisions, they can renew their challenge to the constitutionality of the provisions before the Employment Pensions’ Appeal Board and the Insurance Court and, as regards the related civil claims, the ordinary courts. The Court thus concludes that, and at this stage, the applicants had effective access to a court. Article 6 did not guarantee them anything further in the circumstances. It follows that this complaint must be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. Complaint concerning a lack of an oral hearing The applicants also complained under the same Articles that the Court of Appeal had refused to hear oral arguments and to hear such witnesses as could have furnished the courts with details pertaining to the nature of the case and its admissibility in the ordinary courts of law. The Court notes that the applicants did not have an oral hearing at any stage of the proceedings. However, their request for an oral hearing only concerned questions of law, which the Court of Appeal is presumed to know ex officio and which could be adequately resolved on the basis of the case-file and the parties’ written observations (see, inter alia , Döry v. Sweden, no.   28394/95, § 37, 12 November 2002). It was thus justified to dispense with a hearing in the applicants’ case. Accordingly, it follows that this complaint must be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. Complaint concerning the length of the proceedings The applicants further complained under the same Articles that the length of the proceedings had exceeded the “reasonable time” requirement for a purely procedural and preliminary matter. The Court notes that the civil proceedings started on 31 December 2004 when the applicants lodged their individual actions with the District Court and ended on 4 September 2008 when the Supreme Court rendered its decision. The proceedings lasted thus some three years and eight months at three levels of jurisdiction. Their length cannot be considered excessive. It follows that this complaint must be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. Complaint concerning the deprivation of property The applicants complained under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention and Article 13 of the Convention that they had been deprived of their property. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention reads as follows: “Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.” The Court reiterates that the rights stemming from payment of contributions to social insurance systems are pecuniary rights for the purposes of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (see, for example, Stec and Others v. the United Kingdom (dec.) [GC], nos. 65731/01 and 65900/01, § 53, ECHR 2005 ‑ X). However, an entitlement to a future pension cannot be equated with a fully crystallised right to a particular amount of pension (see, for example, Stec and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 65731/01, § 53, ECHR 2006 ‑ VI) . Since most persons remain within the pension system for many years of their active employment, they must take into account the fact that pension legislation may be subject to changes. Therefore, in so far as the applicants complain about the negative impact of the amendments to the State Pension Act on their pension entitlements, the Court observes that there has not been any interference as yet with their rights under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1. It reiterates its reasoning on the applicants’ Article 6 complaint to the effect that when an aggrieved applicant eventually obtains a decision on his pension, it will be open to him to challenge before the specialised pension courts the constitutionality of the measures reducing his pension rights. If successful, a compensation claim can be filed with the ordinary courts. At this stage, however, the complaints are hypothetical, none of the applicants being able to show proof of concrete individual prejudice. On that account the complaint under Article 13 must also be dismissed. It follows that this part of the application must be rejected as being incompatible ratione personae with the provisions of the Convention within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. Complaint about discrimination Finally, the applicants complained under Article 14 of the Convention about discrimination. Article 14 reads as follows: “The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in [the] Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.” The Court notes that the applicants have not substantiated their complaint in any manner. Therefore, it follows that this complaint must be rejected as being manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. For these reasons, the Court unanimously Declares the application inadmissible.   Lawrence Early   Nicolas Bratza   Registrar   President   ANNEX     List of applicants represented by Matti Kauppi     Vesa Aalto Tuomo Heikki Aaltonen Petri Aho Timo Aho Juha Ahokas Matti Ahola Mikko Ahonen Timo Antila Mika Autere Ulf Björk Kimmo Elomaa Keijo Elonen Ari Fihlman Jarmo Frangén Anders Grönman Juha Grönroos Juha Hakala Ari Hannola Raimo Juhani Hannukainen Jari Harala Esa Juhani Harjula Erkki Heinonen Pasi Juhani Heinonen Harri Hjulgren Jarmo Hokkanen Jussi Hokkanen Jyrki Hokkila Hannu Tauno Juhani Hurskainen Petri Tapio Huurremäki Janne Ilomäki Tapio Aleksi Ivalo Hannu Jaakkola Markku Joensuu Jari Juura Pekka Jääskeläinen Jussi Jyrkinen Antti Kaarto Kari Kallio Kauko Petteri Kyösti Kallio Jouni Kalliomäki Toivo Kangas Matti Kankanen Erkki Kantonen Veijo Kettunen Paavo Kivelä Tuomo Kivikari Pekka Juhani Kivinen Pasi Koivunen Jari Korhola Leo Kalevi Korhonen Heikki Korpela Esa Korpi Tapio Kullervo Koski Marko Koskiaho Helge Yrjö Allan Koskinen Ilkka Kuittinen Mika Kukkonen Jukka Kuntsi Jari Kuosmanen Arto Kuru Keijo Kurvinen Juha Kuurne Antti Kuusela Auvo Kuusimäki Pekka Könkkölä Timo Kytölehto Jyrki Kyöttinen Ari Kalevi Laaksonen Pekka Lahdenperä Kari Tapani Lahti Markku Laine Yrjö Olavi Laine Rauno Petteri Lalu Jarmo Juhani Lautala Timo Veli Juhani Lehtimäki Mauri Lehtiranta Kalle Lehtiö Vesa-Pekka Lehtomäki Jarmo Uolevi Leino Risto Leino Markku Juhani Liimatainen Mika Liinamaa Petri Lilja Peter Lindblom Bengt Lundström Teuvo Markku Luoma Markku Luomanen Jari Lusa Kari Lähdesmäki Risto Manninen Markku Olavi Mikkola Pentti Minkkinen Eero Moilanen Kari Mononen Matti Johannes Muhonen Markku Olavi Mulari Olli Juhani Mustaniemi Sauli Mäentausta Mikko Mäkinen Petri Mäkinen Jouni Männistö Olli-Pekka Männistö Jouko Petteri Niemelä Sami Mikael Niemensivu Jussi Niemi Esa Nopanen Olli Nopanen Mauri Nygård Pasi Tapio Nyström Ismo Ojala Ilkka Ojala Jukka Ojanen Veli Pekka Oksanen Juha Ovaska Veli-Pekka Paatero Mika Sakari Pajusalo Veli Peltola Pauli Peltoluhta Asko Pennanen Seppo Pennanen Jouko Pesonen Raimo Juhani Petäsnoro Esko Tapani Pietilä Mika Piiroinen Tapio Piittari Jouni Pitkänen Orvo Puolakka Seppo Tapani Puolamäki Rauno Purho Jukka Päivinen Tapio Raittila Jorma Rannila Kimmo Rantanen Esa Rasi Tommy Antero Rasmus Jari Juhani Renvall Kauko Rinne Jari Allan Rissanen Aarne Yrjö Olavi Ronkainen Kari Rusanen Jari Ruski Tom Kenneth Rönnberg Elmeri Rytkönen Jukka Saarela Keijo Saarijärvi Ari Salo Veli-Pekka Salonen Bengt Sandström Heimo Olavi Saukkola Eero Savikko Petri Matti Seppänen Jaakko Johannes Sihvo Pertti Siivonen Lasse Silas Sami Sorjonen Kai Stenman Kaj-Erik Ström Veli Matti Suomalainen Ari Ismo Surakka Harri Sutinen Ari-Ville Syrenius Jukka Tanskanen Paavo Teppo Jouko Juhani Tiitto Leo Tilli Arto Heikki Toivanen Erkki Toivonen Sippo Esko Tommila Kimmo Tuomi Timo Kalervo Tuomikoski Juha Tuominen Jyrki Tuomola Jouko Tuunainen Jukka Tähtinen Erkki Juhani Tyni Leo Ukkonen Klaus Juhani Uusipaasto Markku Uuttu Kari Vainio Risto Vairinen Pasi Ranno Antero Weide Simo Pekka Vennelä Tapani Vilppola Jukka Viro Mikko Viskari Petteri Vuorinen Pasi Vänttinen Henrik Wärnhjelm Risto Värri Pekka Väyrynen Lasse Mikael Yli-Heikkilä Hannu Ylikangas Petri Yrjönen     List of applicants represented by Zacharias Sundström     Jouni Aaltonen Ismo Olavi Aho Harri Ahokas Jarmo Ahokas Ari Ahomäki Pekka Ahonen Kari-Pekka Ahtikoski Kari Tapani Aintila Esa Petteri Airanne J. Petteri Aittola Juha Alajoki Jussi Jaakko Alanko Reijo Juhani Alanne Jouko Ala-Poikela Jari Alari Kari Alari Jorma Alatalo Tuomo Ali-Vehmas Rauno Tapio Almi Jari Kalevi Andersson Simo Heikki Antikainen Simo Anto Ari Anttila Jussi Tapani Anttila Mauri Kari Anttila Heikki Asseri Anttinen Vesa Autere Heikki Pekka Autio Harri Auvinen Esa Allan Barsk Mauri Berg Ilpo Eerik Bergholm Tomi Tapani Bergman Kim Gösta Blomqvist Lars Anders Blomqvist Carl Johan Christian Bogel Osmo Keijo Tapio Bräysy Antti Ilmari Castrén Pasi Dahlbo Juho-Heikki Antero Dahlstedt Rainer Eerola Pekka Ek Ari Tapio Elonen Ari Enbom Kai Enne Olli Kalervo Envall Hans Eriksson Mikael Eriksson Jussi Erkkilä Erik Erroll Juho Ervelä Harri Pekka Eskola Manu Eskola Eero Matias Fisk Ari Pekka Franssi Pertti Kalevi Gostowski Esa Kalervo Gustafsson Tommi Gustafsson Kurt Rafael Gustafsson Pauli Haapakorva Ari Haapakoski Teijo Martti Juhani Haapakoski Hannu Kalevi Haapamäki Jarmo Haapamäki Jyrki Tapio Haapamäki Kimmo Haatanen Hannu Juhani Haikala Timo Sakari Haka Esa Hakala Jari Hakala Kari Hakamäki Kimmo Hakanen Matti Tapio Hakkarainen Paavo Hakkarainen Pekka Henrik Halonen Torvald Michael Hammarsten Jaakko Hannola Kari Tapio Hannula Markku Happonen Heikki Johannes Harinen Ari Harju Pertti Juhani Harju Juha Esko Harjunpää Jukka Harmainen Veli-Matti Hartikainen Harri Juhani Hassinen Markku Hassinen Jari Hasunen Timo Hauska Simo Juhani Hautakangas Harri Juhani Hautala Matti Hautamäki Timo Hautanen Markku Hautaniemi Matti Tapio Haverinen Henri Allan Havila Jari Heikkilä Reijo Heikkilä Ari Heikkinen Hannu Ilmari Heikkinen Jari Antero Heikkinen Hannu Heikki Olavi Heinonen Harri Heinonen Jari Heinonen Jarmo Heinonen Rami Helander Mikko Helenius Jari Hellberg Roi Helminen Jari Helstola Reino Hemmilä Timo Juhani Hemminki Harry Herranen Juha Pauli Hietala Olavi Hietanen Jussi Matti Akseli Hietaniemi Jyrki Hiljanen Risto Hintikka Veini Hintikka Timo Pekka Hissa Sakari Hiukka Jari Hjerppe Petri Hokkanen Olavi Holopainen Jarmo Holopainen Kari Hopponen Tapio Eemil Hoppula Jari Huhtala Esa Huhtamella Tauno Huhtamella Tapio Huhtanen Pentti Huhtaniemi Jouni Huhtinen Raine Huikuri Hannu Juhani Huotari Ari Juha Hurme Ahti Ilkka Ensio Huusko Esa Hyttinen Seppo Hyttinen Ari Tapani Hytönen Heikki Olavi Hyvärinen Pekka Hyyryläinen Jouni Hyytiä Vesa Pentti Hyytiäinen Esa Toivo Hyökyvirta Tommy Håkans Matti Kalevi Hämäläinen Matti Ilmari Härkönen Timo Kalevi Häyhä Ari Pekka Häyrinen Volter Högback Markku Iittiläinen Jyrki Ikonen Kari Ikonen Ari Juhani Ilander Janne Miika Ilomäki Ari Tapani Immonen Veijo Immonen Kari Inget Seppo Juhani Inkilä Erkki Kalervo Inkinen Timo Kalervo Inkinen Sören Ragnar Isaksson Erkki Mikael Iskala Markku Ivanoff Jarmo Jaakkola Kai Jahnsson Jarmo Teijo Tapani Jalonen Timo Mikael Jalonen Jarmo Olavi Jansa Heikki Jansson Vesa-Matti Jarho Vesa Jauhiainen Björn Johansson Hannu Jouko Jokela Olli-Pekka Jokela Arto Ilmari Jokelainen Arto Viljo Juhani Jokinen Mikko Jokinen Veijo Jokinen Ari Jonninen Harri Juntunen Heikki Olavi Juntunen Jarmo Tapio Juujärvi Samuel Juutinen Keijo Juntunen Jyrki Juvonen Jussi Jyrkinen Teuvo Jännäri Jorma Jäntti Juha Tapio Järvenpää Kari Järventaus Pekka Järvi Ari Järvinen Jukka Tapio Järvinen Markku Juhani Järvinen Arto Kalevi Jääskeläinen Jarmo Jääskeläinen Pekka Jääskeläinen Viljo Kaalimaa Ilkka Antero Kaapro Aki Vesa Juhani Kaartinen Markku Kahri Kyösti Kaijanen Petri Kainulainen Pertti Kaivonen Juha Kakko Pertti Juhani Kallio Timo Johannes Kallio Arto Ahti Kalliojärvi Jouni Aatos Kalliomäki Pauli Olavi Kanerva Kimmo Kalle Kangas Ari Tapani Kankare Olli Pekka Kankkunen Timo Kantalainen Jussi Kantolahti Jorma Kalevi Kantonen Ossi Johannes Karhu Ari Uolevi Kari Timo Aarto Kari Arto Johannes Karjalainen Hannu Karjalainen Sauli Matti Ilmari Karjunen Paul Christian Karle Harry Karlsson Timo Karppinen Seppo Karvola Aki Tapio Karvonen Veikko Katainen Hannu Kaukiainen Esko Kaunisto Jukka Kauppila Jussi Kauppinen Mika Kavén Markku Johannes Keijälä Jouko Tapani Kekkonen Martti Kalevi Kekkonen Hannu Tapani Kelppola Pekka Kemppainen Raimo Kemppainen Mika Juha Kerttunen Janne Kervinen Markku Tapani Keskitalo Jouni Olavi Ketola Matti Olavi Ketonen Kari Kettunen Harri Kieränen Tapio Juhani Kiiskinen Jarmo Kirkkomäki Timo Jaakko Kirvesmäki Tuomo Kivikari Jarmo Juhani Kivilä Markku Kivipää Eero Klemetti Veijo Kalevi Knuuttila Markku Kohonen Jorma Koivisto Timo Johannes Koivisto Janne Koivunen Kimmo Kristian Koivuniemi Tomi Konsala Eero Juhani Konttiaho Arto Armas Korento Ahti Erkku Olavi Korhonen Ismo Korhonen Matti Korhonen Pentti Kalevi Kormano Ari Tapani Korpela Ari Timo Korpela Juha Korte Jari Kortesoja Veijo Juhani Koskela Pekka Koskelainen Harri Koski Jorma Tapani Koskinen Timo Eero Juhani Koskinen Vesa Petri Tapani Koskinen Juha-Pekka Kosonen Timo Kostiainen Martti Kotilainen Rauno Kotilainen Veikko Emil Kovanen Marko Juhani Krigsholm Matti Kropsu Seppo Tapio Kruuse Antti Kuivalainen Ari Pekka Tapani Kujansuu Jari Seppo Juhani Kukkonen Heikki Kumpulainen Tuomo Kumpulainen Markku Kunelius Mauri Juhani Kunnas Jukka Antero Kuntsi Petri Erik Kupias Juha Antero Kurenmaa Risto Kurki Jorma Kuronen Olli Kuukkanen Karri Kalevi Kuusama Kari Kuusela Vesa Kuutila Reijo Kuvaja Matti Kyllönen Pasi Kylmämaa Juha Kytömäki Harri Matti Aleksanteri Käkönen Bjarne Rafael Käld Ismo Kärhä Juha-Pekka Antero Kärkinen Hannu Kärkkäinen Ilkka Jouko Kalevi Kärppälä Pekka Könkkölä Janne Petteri Laaksonen Kari Laaksonen Matti Lauri Juhani Laamanen Heikki Lagus Hannu Juhani Lahti Jon Olavi Lahtinen Pentti Tapani Laiho Hannu Laine Markku Laine Risto Sakari Laine Simo Antero Laine Seppo Tapani Laitala Juha Laitila Heimo Lamberg Paavo Lammes Risto Henrikki Lang Miikka Petteri Lankila Aarne Pekka Lappalainen Esa Ilmari Lappalainen Heikki Pekka Juhani Lappalainen Jari Jukka Tapio Lappalainen Jukka Lappi Marko Jouko Lassila Jyrki Latvala Rauno Laukkanen Petri Juhani Launonen Kari Laurila Juha-Pekka Lautiainen Erkki Lavanti Pasi Lehikoinen Harri Lehtimäki Jukka Tapio Lehtimäki Kari Juhani Lehtimäki Jukka Antero Lehtinen Riku Tapani Lehtinen Markku Lehto Arto Lehtola Jari Antero Lehtola Jari Leino Markku Juha Antero Leinonen Heimo Uolevi Lempiäinen Alpo Juhani Leppäaho Jari Pentti Leppäharju Juha Leppänen Sture Magnus Liewendahl Eero Olavi Liikanen Esa Liikka Ilkka Liinamaa Juhani Liivola Peter Lindblom Ilkka Sakari Lindgren Jouni Lindroos Jyrki Tapio Lintovuo Jouni Kalevi Liukkonen Markku Tapio Liukkonen Caj-Christian Liukonen Jukka-Pekka Loimu Juha Loponen Pekka Louniala Aslak Lukander Aulis Mikael Lumiaho Seppo Lumiaho Harri Luoma Heikki Luoma Juha Luoma Jari Lusa Olli Pekka Luukkainen-Foei Jouko Kalevi Luukkanen Marko Luukkonen Kimmo Lyly Ari Pekka Lyyski Pertti Tapani Lyytinen Juhani Eemil Länsiö Jim Löfgren Antti Lönnrot Keijo Hannes Maksimoinen Timo Malinen Jukka Malm Harri Malmén Jari Manelius Matti Mannila Kari Manninen Esko Mantila Tommi Mantila Harri Ensio Marjala Kari Antero Marjamäki Pekka Marjomaa Jukka Tapani Markki Arne Johannes Markko Jari Markkula Ari Tapio Martikainen Petri Martikainen Tomi Martikainen Veli Matti Paavali Martikainen Juho Martiskainen Juha Marttila Heikki Ilmari Maskulin Jaakko Tapani Matero Pekka Matilainen Juha Mattila Petri Matti Mikael Mattila Vesa-Pekka Artturi Mattila Hannu Mattinen Benny Mattsson Pasi Arvi Olavi Meinander Hannu Merilaita Harri Metso Reijo Miettinen Timo Miettinen Timo Johannes Miettinen Jari Mikkola Jari Esko Juhani Mikkola Tero Tapio Minkkinen Tapio Ilmari Mommo Jukka Tapio Mursinoff Jorma Mustonen Ossi Mustonen Vesa Jarmo Kalevi Mustonen Juha Muurinen Ilpo Myllykangas Matti Kari Johannes Myllynen Tuomo Myllärinen Herkko Tapio Mäensivu Tapani Kullervo Mäki Hannu Juhani Mäkinen Jarkko Tapani Mäkinen Seppo Kalevi Mäkinen Taneli Mäkinen Heikki Juhani Männikkö Olli-Pekka Männistö Kari Mänttäri Martti Mikko Ilmari Mäntykangas Matti Lauri Johannes Mäntylä Ari Määttä Ari Määttä Jari Määttä Jukka Eemil Määttä Risto Määttä Seppo Möller Jarmo Mölsä Juha Kalevi Möykkynen Petri Naroma Jari Pekka Nenonen Leo Nenonen Mauri Nenonen Jorma Antero Nerg Jorma Nevala Juha Niemelä Juha Herman Niemelä Jari Kalevi Niemi Martti Niemi Kari-Veli Niemi Ari Juhani Nieminen Erkki Nieminen Esa Nieminen Petri Kalevi Nieminen Tero Nieminen Jukka Niinikoski Voitto Johannes Niittyaho Tero Nikander Jukka Nikkari Lauri Taavetti Nikkinen Pentti Olavi Niskanen Esko Nissinen Kimmo Juhani Nokelainen Jouni Norppa Kari Nousiainen Pentti Nurmela Markku Nurmi Harri Nyholm Jouni Nykänen Jouni Nyström Jyrki Näveri Jari Olavi Antero Ohtamaa Hannu Oinas Ari Ojala Heikki Ojanen Pekka Ojanperä Timo Martti Olavi Oksanen Martti Antero Ollila Tauno Ollila Juha Pekka Ollonqvist Pasi Lauri Onkamo Raimo Ovaska Juha Ovaskainen Matti Juhani Paalanen Kari Allan Paavilainen Ari Pakarinen Markku Tapio Pakarinen Heikki Tapani Palin Hannu Antero Palmgren Pekka Palmu Tapio Olavi Palmunen Jalo Juha Ensio Palosaari Juha Markku Parhiala Ohi Tapani Parkkinen Ari Parkkola Pekka Tapani Partanen Petteri Partanen Tapio Partio Harri Parviainen Juha Paukku Benny Paulsson Tero Juhani Pehrman Jouni Vilho Matias Pehu Harri Juhani Pekkala Jaakko Pelimanni Panu Pelkonen Hannu Kalevi Pellinen Heikki Peltomäki Peter Peltonen Mauri Penttilä Erkki Risto Juhani Penttinen Esa Perikanta Eero Pernu Vesa Antero Perälä Hemmo Pesonen Mikko Tapio Pesonen Harry Pettersson Jukka Kalevi Pietilä Arno Juhani Pihkala Ahti Piikki Erkki Piirainen Lassi Juhani Piirainen Mika Heikki Piiroinen Perttu Piiroinen Mikko Ilmari Pimiä Asko Pirkkanen Yrjö Matias Pirnes Pasi Pirttikoski Veli-Matti Pitkäjärvi Kari Tapio Pitkälä Jarmo Olavi Pitkänen Matti Juhani Pitkänen Petri Pitkänen Arto Pohjola Jouni Kalervo Ponnikas Vesa Pentti Tapio Porri Taisto Kalevi Puhakka Tino Pentti Tapani Puhakka Markku Puljn Arvi Pulkkinen Ilmo Pulkkinen Ari Jukka Purho Jukka Purhonen Arto Purkunen Reijo Putkinen Juha Puustinen Ari Pylkkänen Mauri Ensio Pylkkönen Risto Eelis Pynnönen Pasi Johannes Pyykkö Pauli Pyykkö Kalle Juha Timo Pyöräniemi Pekka Heikki Päivike Esa Pärnä Petri Johannes Pääkkönen Jukka-Pekka Pöllänen Harri Qvintus Mikko Rahja Kari Tapani Rahko Tapio Raittila Jaakko Raivio Kimmo Tapani Rajala Pekka Rankinen Jukka Ranta Jari Rantala Markku Rantala Heikki Juhani Rantanen Jukka Kalevi Rantanen Juha Rantasalo Mikko Rapakko Risto Rasinmäki Harri Pekka Rauhala Jouni Raunio Keijo Tapio Rautanen Juhapekka Rautava Ari Rautiainen Mika Rautio Anssi Olavi Rehunen Esa Rehunen Ilkka Rekola Urpo Tapio Remsu Markus Renko Tero Repo Mika-Petteri Riikonen Vesa Aatos Riipi Rauno Juhani Riitinki Kari Ringman Erkki Juhani Rintala Veli-Matti Rintala Jukka-Pekka Rissanen Pertti Kalevi Ristijoki Veli Juhani Ristimäki Jari Ristola Juha Ristola Mikko Ritola Jarkko Roivainen Teuvo Romppanen Hannu Roukala Vesa Väinö Rouvila Veijo Ruohola Janne Ruuhunen Pertri Mikael Ruuska Petri Juhani Rytsölä Vesa Ryynänen Erkki Johannes Råman Pekka Allan Räkköläinen Esa-Matti Rämä Reijo Olavi Rönkkö Teppo Tapani Saareks Ilkka Saarela Tapio Saarelainen Ilkka Harri Antero Saari Juha Saari Jukka-Pekka Saari Kari Juhani Saari Keijo Saarijärvi Harri Petteri Saarinen Jarmo Petri Saarinen Juha Saarinen Veijo Saarinen Ilkka Juhani Saastamoinen Ismo Sakala Jouni Mikael Salmela Olli-Matti Salminen Kari Salomaa Seppo Salomaa Veli-Pekka Salonen Matti Sakari Sandelin Markus Santasalo Kari Sarajärvi Markku Sarajärvi Pasi Sarkola Janne Sarpoma Mikko Tapani Sarsila Jussi Antero Satokari Markku Saukkoriipi Ari Heikki Tapani Saurus Reijo Savioja Juha Savisaari Sauli Veikko Savisalo Timo Savolainen Jarmo Schuurman Jouko Seitakari Jyri Juhani Selvenius Mika Antero Seppä Olli Seppälä Veijo Seppälä Kari Seppälä Ale Kullervo Seppänen Arno Seppänen Markus Kimmo Seppänen Raimo Sevón Matti Shemeikka Esa-Olli Sievänen Juha-Pekka Adam Sievänen Arto Sihvo Juhani Sihvonen Kyösti Siitonen Pasi Petteri Siivonen Gunnar Silander Juha Sillanpää Mauri Sillanpää Vesa Siltakorpi Antti Siltala Jukka Siltanen Jari Simi Keijo Simola Jari Simontaival Teppo Juhani Sinkkonen Lauri Tapio Sipari Veli-Matti Sipola Jyrki Sirkeinen Jari Tapio Sirola Martti Siren Markku Juhani Siuko Hannu Tapio Sjöblom Jan Torolf Sjöwall Juha Seppo Ilmari Skinnari Kai Skogström Seppo Juhani Soikkeli Antti Olavi Soini Marko Tapio Soini Ari Soininen Hannu Somero Jorma Sompinmäki Jari Sormunen Ilkka Sovijärvi Harri Olavi Suhonen Tapani Sulasalmi Ilmo Sulkinoja Jorma Summanen Ismo Suntio Jouni Urpo Kalervo Suomalainen Ari Harri Ilmari Suontausta Jari Suopajärvi Mika Juhani Suorajärvi Juha Suurnäkki Jorma Henrik Juhani Suuronen Mika Suutarinen Anders Svebilius Jari Särmä Risto Tahvanainen Juha Antero Taima Erkki Johannes Takkinen Kari Takussaari Matti Iisak Talvitie Risto Tammenoksa Tuomo Tammi Kimmo Uolevi Tamminen Pasi-Olli Tamminen Raimo Tarkiainen Kari Tapala Mika Tapanainen Matti Taskinen Olli Taskinen Urpo Taskinen Hannu Teitto Antti Ilmari Tervo Markku Olavi Tervo Ari Tapani Tiainen Antti Ticklén Benjamin Ticklén Keijo Tiitola Ari Tikka Juha Tikka Kyösti Toivola Tom Antero Toivonen Jukka Tolin Antti Tolonen Raimo Tolonen Vesa Pekka Tolvanen Jouni Tommila Pertti Tapio Torkkeli Pekka Torri Pekka Toukola Jussi Oskar Tudeer Jyrki Tulppala Erkki Johannes Tuomela Ismo Tuomisto Jari Juhani Tuomisto Seppo Kalevi Tuovinen Juhani Tupasela Jukka Turkia Harry Turtiainen Juha Turunen Jarmo Eerik Tuulaniemi Reijo Tapani Tuulasjärvi Timo Tuuri Matti Tyni Mika Tyry Kari Tapio Tölli Jukka Törmänen Seppo Uitto Leo Ukkonen Mika Ukkonen Petri Uosukainen Manu Juha Uotila Kari Uski Keijo Uusitalo Reima Ensio Uusitalo Taito Uutela Onni Ilmari Vaarala Pekka Vaarala Kari Akseli Wahlström Ilkka Vahtokari Pasi Artturi Vainio Ari Vainionpää Veli Sakari Valkama Matti Valkeapää Hannu Matias Valkeejärvi Timo Valkeejärvi Pekka Wallenstjerna Veli-Matti Tapio Valli Toivo Markku Kalevi Valolahti Jari Pertti Valtanen Taisto Kalevi Vanhamäki Pekka Varjonen Jukka Pekka Varjus Sami Tapio Warjus Carl-Magnus Wasenius Eljas Olavi Vatanen Ari Kristian Wan Esapekka Vehkaoja Lauri Wenlin Matti Vesikko Mika Vesikko Esko Ilmari Wesslin Ulf Johan Wickström Keijo Krister Rafael Wigren Ari Vihreäluoto Harri Vihula Heikki Viinamäki Jukka-Pekka Viinikka Timo Herman Viinikka Lassi August Pellervo Viisanen Jouni Viitanen Heikki Juhani Vikstedt Ilkka Teemu Wilén Erkki Matti Olavi Viljakainen Leo Viljanen Mikko Viljanen Pentti Pellervo Villanen Ari Pekka Virrankoski Arto Johan Virtanen Jukka-Pekka Virtanen Jussi Virtanen Petri Virtanen Teemu Juhani Virtanen Veli-Pekka Virtanen Ari Olavi Voutilainen Kimmo Kalervo Voutilainen Jouni Antero Vuorela Juha Vuorela Lauri Vuorela Sakari Vuorenmaa Jyrki Tapio Wuori Petteri Vuorinen Reijo Ilmari Väisänen Viljo Pekka Tapio Väisänen Ilkka Allan Välimaa Juha Välimäki Urpo Välitalo Heikki Väänänen Matti Ylimaunu Pasi Eerik Ylitalo Jari Antero Ylä-Outinen Seppo Ilmari Åke Mikko Tapani Äikäs