CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 20 juillet 2017

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RUSSIA   (Application no. 38884/13 and 5 others - see appended list )                         JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG   20 July 2017       This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Vilkov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Luis López Guerra, President,   Dmitry Dedov,   Jolien Schukking, judges, and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 29 June 2017, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”). THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW I.     JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. II.     ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kud ła v.   Poland [GC], no.   30210/96, §§   90 ‑ 94, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI, and Ananyev and   Others v.   Russia , nos.   42525/07 and   60800/08, §§   139 ‑ 65, 10   January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v.   Lithuania , no.   53254/99, §§   36 ‑ 40, 7 April 2005). 8.     In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28   November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. III.     REMAINING COMPLAINTS 11.     In applications nos.   44253/13, 56597/14, 56739/14, 56740/14 the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill ‑ founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Sergey Babushkin v. Russia (no. 5993/08, §§ 38-45, 28   November 2013, pertaining to the absence of an effective remedy to complaint about the conditions of detention in Russia). IV.     APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014 and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no.   16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 14.     The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, 1.     Decides to join the applications;   2.     Declares the applications admissible;   3.     Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;   4.     Holds that there has been a violation as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);   5.     Holds (a)     that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)     that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 20 July 2017, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Liv Tigerstedt   Luis López Guerra Acting Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant name Date of birth   Facility Start and end date Duration Number of inmates per brigade Sq. m. per inmate Number of toilets per brigade Specific grievances Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     38884/13 23/05/2013 Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Vilkov 07/06/1970 IK-11 Bor Nizhniy Novgorod Region 30/05/2006 to 23/05/2013 6 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 24 day(s)   135 inmate(s) 2.1 m² 6 toilet(s)     six sinks, small walking yard, poor food quality, no warm seasonal clothes and shoes, inadequate time for eating – 5 min.     5,000     44253/13 01/06/2013 Sergey Petrovich Nesynov 10/12/1976 IK-1 Stavropol 28/11/2012 pending More than 4 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 9 day(s)   120 inmate(s) 0.8 m²     overcrowding, dampness, poor food quality   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 15,800     47807/14 04/10/2014 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Salomatin 03/07/1981 IK-5 Lepley Republic of Mordovia 01/04/2014 to 02/10/2014 6 month(s) and 2 day(s)   500 inmate(s) 0.8 m² 13 toilet(s)     2 sinks for 1000 inmates, no hot water, irregular running water supply, cold dormitory – 13   degrees Cels. above zero, frequent electricity outage, inmates infected with HIV, hepatitis and tuberculosis, squat toilet in outhouse without heating, poor food quality, unsanitary conditions in canteen     3,200     56597/14 30/09/2014 Yevgeniy Gavrilovich Zvezdkin 01/05/1950 IK-10 Rubtsovsk Altay Region 22/05/2009 pending More than 7 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 15 day(s)   200 inmate(s) 2.4 m²     no hot water, joint sleeping places – lack of privacy, no radio, cold toilet in outhouse - lack of privacy and unpleasant odour   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 13,300     56739/14 18/09/2014 Konstantin Nikolayevich Shambin 20/02/1975 IK-3 Ufa Bashkortostan Republic 25/01/2010 to 10/06/2014 4 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 17 day(s)   86 inmate(s) 1 m² 2 toilet(s)     1 urinal, 2 sinks, unsanitary conditions in the shower with slime on the walls and floor, five shower heads for 20 inmates for 20 min., inmates infected with tuberculosis, HIV, poor food quality, no salt in food, no ventilation   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 5,000     56740/14 16/09/2014 Aleksey Salavatovich Baymurzin 23/11/1975 IK-3 Ufa Bashkortostan Republic 16/07/2009 to 01/07/2014 4 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 16 day(s)   86 inmate(s) 1.4 m² 7 toilet(s)     8 sinks, unsanitary conditions in shower with slime on the walls and floor, five shower heads for 28 inmates for 20 min., inmates infected with tuberculosis and HIV, restricted access to toilet, poor food quality, no salt in food, no ventilation   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 5,000     [1] .     Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.