CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 12 octobre 2017

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RUSSIA   (Applications nos. 40016/16 and 9 others - see appended list )                         JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG   12 October 2017       This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Potapov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Luis López Guerra, President,   Dmitry Dedov,   Jolien Schukking, judges, and Liv Tigerstedt Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 21 September 2017, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”). THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW I.     JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. II.     ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kud ła v.   Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§   90 ‑ 94, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI, and Ananyev and   Others v. Russia , nos.   42525/07 and   60800/08, §§   139 ‑ 165, 10   January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania , no.   53254/99, §§   36 ‑ 40, 7 April 2005). 8.     In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no.   5993/08, 28   November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. III.     REMAINING COMPLAINTS 11.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which raised issues under Article 13 of the Convention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Sergey Babushkin v. Russia , no.   5993/08, §§   38 ‑ 45, 28 November 2013. IV.     APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no.   5993/08, 16 October 2014 and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no.   16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 14.     The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, 1.     Decides to join the applications;   2.     Declares the applications admissible;   3.     Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;   4.     Holds that there has been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);   5.     Holds (a)     that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)     that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 12 October 2017, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Liv Tigerstedt   Luis López Guerra Acting Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant name Date of birth Representative name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Number of inmates per brigade Sq. m. per inmate Number of toilets per brigade Specific grievances Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     40016/16 20/06/2016 Viktor Nikolayevich Potapov 16/09/1977 Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kostroma IK-1 Kostroma 04/03/2014 to 20/02/2016 1 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 17 day(s) 100 inmate(s) 1.9 m² Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     42313/16 07/07/2016 Idris Emaliyevich Batalov 24/06/1981 Alekseyeva Natalya Vasilyevna Krsanoyarsk IK-36 Krasnoyarskiy krai 01/03/2003 to 03/05/2006 3 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 3 day(s)   Minusinsk prison, Krasnoyarskiy krai 03/05/2006 to 24/05/2009 3 year(s) and 22 day(s)   IK-36 Krasnoyarskiy krai 28/05/2009 to 11/02/2010 8 month(s) and 15 day(s) IK-16 Gromadsk Krasnoyarskiy krai 11/02/2010 to 26/08/2010 6 month(s) and 16 day(s)   IK-30 Norilsk Krasnoyarskiy krai 04/09/2010 to 12/02/2016 5 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 9 day(s) 1 m²           1.4 m²           1 m² 150 inmate(s)     1 m²           0.9 m² Overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, passive smoking, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to shower.   Overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower.       Overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower.     Overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower.       Lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     64760/16 18/10/2016 Yevgeniy Vasilyevich Gusev 19/11/1980     IK-11 Nizhegorodskiy region 28/11/2011 pending More than 5 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 2 day(s)   1.2 m² 6 toilet(s) Lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no hot water , no seasonal clothing.   7,800     67671/16 12/11/2016 Igor Vladimirovich Kotochigov 07/11/1974     IK-1 Arkhangelsk 01/10/2012 pending More than 4 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 29 day(s)   1.6 m² Overcrowding, lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to running water. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 7,500     69643/16 14/11/2016 Andrey Vladimirovich Kuznetsov 31/12/1984     IK-5 Ivanovo 01/06/2008 to 10/07/2016 8 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 10 day(s) 1.5 m² Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, passive smoking, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     11009/17 23/01/2017 Ivan Aleksandrovich Lukach 30/12/1978 Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kostroma IK-20 Nizhny Novgorod Region 19/02/2012 to 09/12/2016 4 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 21 day(s) 22 inmate(s) 1.8 m² 1 toilet(s) Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     11273/17 27/01/2017 Aleksandr Ilyich Egadze 16/06/1986 Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kostroma IK-4 Vologodskiy Region 10/12/2012 to 23/09/2016 3 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 14 day(s) 4 inmate(s) 8 m² Lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, lack of privacy for toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     11281/17 13/01/2017 Pavel Sergeyevich Cherkasov 14/12/1984 Gaynutdinova Yuliya Sergeyevna Kazan IK-56 Sverdlovsk Region 04/11/2010 pending More than 6 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 26 day(s) 100 inmate(s) 0.6 m² No or restricted access to warm water, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to running water, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to shower, clothes branding, prisoner in handcuffs has to bear the toilet.   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 7,000     12934/17 01/02/2017 Ivan Aleksandrovich Gerasimov 01/07/1982 Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kostroma FKU IK-1 Kostroma Region 22/11/2015 to 10/01/2017 1 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 20 day(s) 100 inmate(s) 0.6 m² Mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, overcrowding, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food.   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000   13727/17 07/02/2017 Yekaterina Anatolyevna Semenova 05/12/1987 Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kostroma FKU IK-3 Kostroma Region 06/08/2013 to 28/11/2016 3 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 23 day(s) 100 inmate(s) 0.6 m² 3 toilet(s) Infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient electric light, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, overcrowding, lack of space for outside activities, poor quality of food, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, supervising by the personnel of the opposite sex, no or restricted access to shower. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000     [1] .     Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.