CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 26 juillet 2018

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ROMANIA (Application no. 35486/15 and 13 others - see appended list )                 JUDGMENT     STRASBOURG   26 July 2018           This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.     In the case of Ivan and Others v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Vincent A. De Gaetano, President,   Georges Ravarani,   Marko Bošnjak, judges, and Liv Tigerstedt Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 5 July 2018, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Romania lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The applications were communicated to the Romanian Government (“the Government”). THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. THE LAW I.     JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. II.     ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no. 7334/13, §§ 96 ‑ 101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić , cited above, §§   122   ‑ 141, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia , nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§   149-159, 10   January   2012). 8.     In the leading case of Rezmiveș and Others v. Romania, nos.   61467/12 and 3 others, 25 April 2017, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, as well as the Government’s objection concerning the continuous situations of the applicants’ condition of detention in some of the cases, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. III.     APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 11.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 12.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case-law (see, in particular, Rezmiveș and Others v. Romania, nos. 61467/12 and 3 others, 25 April 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 13.     The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, 1.     Decides to join the applications;   2.     Declares the applications admissible;   3.     Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;   4.     Holds (a)     that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three   months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)     that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 26 July 2018, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Liv Tigerstedt   Vincent A. De Gaetano Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant name Date of birth Representative name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m. per inmate Specific grievances Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]       35486/15 11/02/2016 Florin Ivan 07/04/1983   Penitentiaries of Rahova and Jilava 28/03/2015 to 26/01/2017 1 year and 9 months and 30 days 1.79-2.53 m² overcrowding (save for the period from 21/12/2015 to 26/01/2017), no or restricted access to shower, bunk beds, no or restricted access to potable water, poor quality of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/rodents   3,000     56374/15 08/03/2016 Constantin Agîţei-Arhip 12/05/1978   Bacău Police Inspectorate 20/03/2003 to 04/08/2003 4 months and 16 days   Penitentiaries of Bacău, Jilava, Arad, Vaslui, Iași and Tulcea 05/08/2003 to 17/11/2015 and 01/04/2016 to 23/08/2017 13 years and 8 months and 6 days 1.66 m²       1.28-2.25 m² overcrowding, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet     overcrowding (save for the periods from 19/03/2007 to 12/04/2007, 02/05/2007 to 30/05/2007, 08/06/2007 to 24/06/2007 and 11/09/2007 to 25/09/2007, 05/08/2011 to 13/08/2012, 21/08/2012 to 29/04/2013, 18/12/2013 to 20/12/2013, 24/01/2014 to 23/12/2014, 30/01/2015 to 07/04/2015, 17/04/2015 to 05/05/2015, 26/06/2015 to 29/06/2015, 20/08/2015 to 17/11/2015, 17/06/2016 to 06/09/2016 and 06/10/2016 to 30/06/2017), bunk beds, insufficient number of sleeping places   5,000     58147/15 07/04/2016 Gheorghe Fira 10/11/1968   Penitentiaries of Craiova, Drobeta Turnu Severin and Pelendava and Jilava Penitentiary Hospital 04/09/2013 to 12/07/2016 2 years and 10 months and 9 days 1.53 - 2.12 m² overcrowding (save for the period from 09/05/2014 to 12/07/2016), bunk beds, lack or inadequate furniture, poor quality of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower   3,000     61179/15 02/12/2015 Marius-Claudiu Nechitescu 24/07/1973 Cosmin Gavrilaș Oradea Penitentiaries of Timișoara, Jilava, Aiud, Deva, Oradea, Arad, Gherla and Târgu Mureș 27/03/1996 to 24/08/2015 19 years and 4 months and 29 days   1.5-2.6 m² overcrowding (save for the period from 25/07/2011 to 03/01/2013), poor quality of food, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents 5,000     61700/15 05/08/2016 Nicolae Șerban 07/05/1974 Irina Maria Peter Bucharest Mureș Police Inspectorate, Dej Penitentiary Hospital, Penitentiaries of Târgu Mureș and Aiud 18/03/2013 – pending More than 5 years and 2 months and 11 days 1.53-2.39 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 18/11/2013 to 19/11/2013, 18/07/2014 to 12/09/2914, 26/09/2014 to 07/03/2016, 25/03/2016 to 19/07/2016 and 01/08/2016 to present), infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, inadequate temperature, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities   5,000     62712/15 18/04/2016 Virgil Țifescu 29/12/1981 Irina Maria Peter Bucharest Penitentiaries of Focșani, Galați, Iași, Giurgiu and Jilava 25/11/2010 to 16/06/2016 5 years and 6 months and 23 days 1.28-2.24 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 06/08/2012 to 23/08/2012, 15/11/2012 to 29/05/2015, 04/03/2016 to 16/06/2016), lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack or inadequate furniture, inadequate temperature (Penitentiaries of Focșani and Giurgiu), lack of fresh air (Penitentiaries of Focșani and Giurgiu), lack or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air (Galați Penitentiary), poor quality of potable water (Jilava Penitentiary)   5,000     1847/16 05/07/2016 Dumitru Ilie 02/01/1961   Colibași Penitentiary 19/11/2015 to 23/08/2017 1 year and 9 months and 5 days 1.9-2.03 m² overcrowding, poor quality of food, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air   3,000     3794/16 11/08/2016 Lucian Ciobanu 08/01/1982   Mărgineni Penitentiary 28/05/2015 to 09/09/2016 1 year and 3 months and 13 days 1.02 - 2.71 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 06/11/2015 to 27/11/2015 and 02/03/2016 to 09/09/2016), lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of storing facilities, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of food, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air   3,000     3800/16 11/08/2016 Nicolae-Dan Ciobanu 05/08/1980   Mărgineni Penitentiary 28/05/2015 to 09/09/2016 1 year and 3 months and 13 days 1.02-2.71 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 06/11/2015 to 27/11/2015 and 02/03/2016 to 09/09/2016), lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of storing space, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of potable water, poor quality of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities   3,000   5114/16 17/06/2016 Ion Voican 14/09/1980 Ioana Letiția Pătru Sibiu Penitentiaries of Codlea, Jilava, Mărgineni, Gherla, Miercurea Ciuc, Deva and Bistrița 08/06/2000 to 09/03/2016 15 years and 9 months and 2 days   1.23-2.81 m² overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, inadequate temperature 5,000   6542/16 04/07/2016 Vasile Croitoru 25/04/1969 Lacrima-Cristina Stan Cluj-Napoca Penitentiaries of Focșani, Jilava, Rahova and Gherla 12/07/2012 – pending More than 5 years and 10 months and 25 days 1.02-2.79 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 16/11/2012 to 22/11/2012, 19/03/2013 to 25/03/2013, 05/08/2013 to 02/09/2013, 15/10/2013 to 25/10/2013, 13/01/2015 to 19/01/2015, 10/03/2015 to 19/03/2015, 03/04/2015 to 13/05/2015 and 01/07/2016 to 05/07/2016), infestation of cell with insects/rodents, bunk beds, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water (Jilava Penitentiary)   5,000   7259/16 17/08/2016 Marian-Marius Dragne 14/06/1979   Dâmbovița Police Inspectorate, Jilava Penitentiary Hospital and Penitentiaries of Mărgineni, Rahova, Slobozia, Giurgiu, Jilava, Poarta Albă and Găești 26/07/2011 to 25/10/2016 5 years and 3 months 1.17 - 2.91 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 26/07/2011 to 03/08/2011, 26/08/2011 to 02/09/2011, 24/10/2013 to 04/03/2014 and 12/05/2016 to 25/10/2016), lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air   5,000   16823/16 04/07/2016 Alexandru Gheață 12/01/1985   Gorj Police Inspectorate and Penitentiaries of Târgu Jiu, Rahova, Giurgiu and Craiova 06/12/2007 to 11/04/2016 8 years and 4 months and 6 days           Craiova Penitentiary 21/07/2016 – pending More than 1 year and 10 months and 15 days   1.19-2.33 m²                   1.19-2.33 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 06/12/2007 to 27/05/2008 and 30/03/2010 to 01/04/2010), infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of storing facilities, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air 5,000   16905/16 02/08/2016 Stelian Niță 11/06/1977   Craiova Penitentiary 16/12/2015 to 19/12/2016 1 year and 4 days 1.39-1.91 m² overcrowding (save for the periods from 16/12/2015 to 08/01/2016, 21/09/2016 to 14/10/2016 and 12/12/2016 to 19/12/2016), lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of storing facilities, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air   3,000   [1] .     Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.