CEDH · CASELAW;DECISIONS;ADMISSIBILITYCOM;ENG — 5 mars 2020

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The applicants’ complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the entrapment by State agents were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”). THE LAW Joinder of the applications Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single decision. Complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention (entrapment by State agents) The applicants complained that they had been unfairly convicted of drug related criminal offences incited by the police. These complaints fall to be examined under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which, in so far as relevant, reads as follows: “In the determination of ... criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by [a] ... tribunal ...” The Court has emphasised, in a number of cases, the role of domestic courts in dealing with criminal cases where the accused alleges that he was incited to commit an offence. Any arguable plea of incitement places the courts under an obligation to examine it and make conclusive findings on the issue of entrapment, with the burden of proof on the prosecution to demonstrate that there was no incitement (see Ramanauskas v. Lithuania [GC], no. 74420/01, §§ 70-71, ECHR 2008, and Khudobin v. Russia , no.   59696/00, §§ 133-135, ECHR 2006 ‑ XII (extracts)). The Court notes that the applicants’ plea of incitement was adequately addressed by the Russian courts, which took the necessary steps to uncover the truth and to eradicate the doubts as to whether the applicants had committed the offence as a result of incitement by an agent provocateur. Their conclusion that there had been no entrapment was based on a reasonable assessment of evidence that was relevant and sufficient. The Court also does not lose sight of the fact that during the criminal proceedings before the Russian courts the applicants either denied the facts imputed to them and/or contested the legal classification of their acts or directly confirmed their involvement in the drug sale, having changed their versions of events. Nevertheless, despite the unclearly formulated incitement defence of the applicants in the domestic proceedings (see Lelyukin v. Russia (dec.), no. 70841/10, 25 August 2015; Bagaryan and Others v. Russia (dec.), nos. 3346/06 and 4 others, 12 November 2013; and Trifontsov v. Russia (dec.), no. 12025/02, 9 October 2012), the Russian courts took all possible steps to verify each version to be certain that the acts imputed to the applicants did not result from unlawful actions on the part of investigative authorities. Having regard to the scope of the judicial review of the applicants’ plea of incitement, the Court finds that the applicants’ complaints are manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 (see, for similar reasoning, Bannikova v. Russia , no. 18757/06, §§ 74-79, 4 November 2010). For these reasons, the Court, unanimously, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications inadmissible. Done in English and notified in writing on 26 March 2020.   Liv Tigerstedt   Alena Poláčková   Acting Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article   6 § 1 of the Convention (entrapment by State agents) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Date of birth   Representative’s name and location Test purchase date Type of drugs Specific grievances Final domestic judgment (appeal court, date)     7379/11 12/01/2011 Yuriy Gennadyevich ORLOV 15/01/1974 Solodovnikova Yelena Aleksandrovna Pelagiada 08/05/2009 phenobarbital   24/07/2009 cannabis Fellow drug user;   Fellow drug user. Presidium of the Stavropol Regional Court 13/12/2012       74374/11 17/11/2011 Anna Georgiyevna PROSKURYAKOVA 04/12/1973     18/11/2010 heroin Fellow drug user, repeated calls. Krasnoyarsk Regional Court 10/11/2011     70567/13 18/10/2013 Artem Andreyevich CHERNOV 03/05/1990 Bogdanova Natalya Anatolyevna Stavropol 17/04/2012 cannabis Undercover policeman. Stavropol Regional Court 26/06/2013     10656/14 24/02/2014 Ilya Eduardovich YAZOV 08/08/1991     20/10/2011 synthetic mix for smoking Undercover policeman, anonymous/unverified tip. Sverdlovsk Regional Court 13/09/2013     22216/17 01/03/2017 Yevdokiya Ivanovna MEDVEDEVA 14/06/1995     21/09/2015 amphetamine Fellow drug user. Appellate decision, Moscow City Court, 12/12/2016     69139/17 09/08/2017 Sergey Yuryevich VYATKIN 17/04/1974     20/02/2016 heroin Fellow drug user, lack of incriminating information. Krasnoyarsk Regional Court 20/06/2017     83395/17 14/11/2017 Vitaliy Igorevich KOREPANOV 20/07/1997     19/01/2017 cannabis Fellow drug user. Sverdlovsk Regional Court 18/05/2017     13233/18 20/02/2018 Igor Andreyevich GRIGORYEV 23/12/1993 Klyubin Sergey Nikolayevich Velikiy Novgorod 21/05/2015 hashish   28/05/2015 hashish Anonymous/unverified tip, undercover police officer;   Anonymous/unverified tip, undercover police officer. Novgorod Regional Court 08/09/2017