CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 1 avril 2021

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UKRAINE (Applications nos. 63747/14 and 23 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 1 April 2021   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Farziyev and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Ivana Jelić, President,   Ganna Yudkivska,   Arnfinn Bårdsen, judges, and Liv Tigerstedt, Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 11 March 2021, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained under Article 3 of the Convention of their life sentence with no prospect of release. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 of the Convention 6.     The applicants complained of their life sentence with no prospect of release. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court reiterates that the Convention does not prohibit the imposition of a life sentence on those convicted of especially serious crimes, such as murder. Yet to be compatible with Article 3 such a sentence must be reducible de jure and de facto , meaning that there must be both a prospect of release for the prisoner and a possibility of review. The basis of such review must extend to assessing whether there are legitimate penological grounds for the continuing incarceration of the prisoner. These grounds include punishment, deterrence, public protection and rehabilitation. The balance between them is not necessarily static and may shift in the course of a sentence, so that the primary justification for detention at the outset may not be so after a lengthy period of service of sentence. The importance of the ground of rehabilitation is underlined, since it is here that the emphasis of European penal policy now lies, as reflected in the practice of the Contracting States, in the relevant standards adopted by the Council of Europe, and in the relevant international materials (see Vinter and Others v.   the United Kingdom [GC], nos. 66069/09 and 2 others, §§   59-81, ECHR   2013 (extracts)). 8.     In the leading case of Petukhov v. Ukraine (no. 2) (no. 41216/13, 12   March 2019), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. They are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 10.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 11.     Having regard to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Petukhov (no. 2) , cited above, §   201), the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that they disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention; Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. Done in English, and notified in writing on 1 April 2021, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Liv Tigerstedt   Ivana Jelić   Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (life sentence with no prospect of release) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Name of the trial court Date of the life sentence Judicial decision upholding the conviction     63747/14 29/08/2014 Rustam Zakirovich FARZIYEV 1984 Avramenko Gennadiy Mykolayovych Chernigiv Chernigiv Regional Court of Appeal 09/08/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine 16/11/2004     43270/15 20/10/2015 Vasyl Mykolayovych IVASHCHENKO 1961     Cherkasy Regional Court of Appeal 28/01/2002 Supreme Court of Ukraine 09/07/2002     1212/16 11/12/2015 Viktor Ivanovych GOGIN 1949 Kapalkina Yevgeniya Olegivna Kyiv Court of Appeal of Crimea 30/11/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine 28/05/2005     3676/16 04/01/2016 Daniel Boleslavovych SUKHARSKYY 1981     Khmelnytskyy Regional Court of Appeal 21/03/2002 Supreme Court of Ukraine 17/09/2002     4942/16 15/12/2015 Volodymyr Sergiyovych PEREGUDOV 1989 Zayets Sergiy Anatoliyovych Irpin Zolotoniskyy Local Court of Cherkasy Region 15/08/2012 High Specialised Court for Civil and Criminal Matters 17/12/2013     45265/16 20/07/2016 Vitaliy Yevgenovych BARANENKO 1976     Odessa Regional Court 10/11/2000 Supreme Court of Ukraine 21/06/2001     50668/16 26/09/2016 Mykola Pavlovych SERVETNYK 1967     Volyn Regional Court 23/02/1998 Supreme Court of Ukraine 31/03/1998     56273/16 21/09/2016 Yevgen Mykolayovych AN 1967 Poznyak Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kyiv Court of Appeal of Crimea 22/02/2006 Supreme Court of Ukraine 04/05/2006     58897/16 01/10/2015 Viktor Pavlovych LAVRENYUK 1977     Rivne Regional Court of Appeal 01/04/2005 Supreme Court of Ukraine 22/09/2005   58985/16 22/09/2016 Anatoliy Oleksandrovych LUZHYNETSKYY 1972     Ternopil Regional Court 21/09/2000 Supreme Court of Ukraine 12/12/2000   38459/17 26/06/2017 Nikolay Vladimirovich SUZKO 1978     Dnipropetrovsk Regional Court of Appeal 17/07/2006 Zaporizhzhya Regional Court of Appeal 09/03/2010 Supreme Court of Ukraine 30/01/2007   Supreme Court of Ukraine 01/07/2010   44620/17 02/06/2017 Mikhail Igorevich BELYAYEV 1981     Sumy Regional Court of Appeal 14/04/2003 Supreme Court of Ukraine 02/09/2003   64484/17 07/11/2017 Vadim Valeryevich MESTROPYAN 1971     Moskovskyy Local Court of Kharkiv 28/02/2013 Higher Specialised Civil and Criminal Court of Ukraine 10/06/2014   74946/17 13/10/2017 Oleg Mykhaylovych KAZAK 1981 Kapalkina Yevgeniya Olegivna Kyiv Odesa Regional Court of Appeal 13/04/2005 Supreme Court of Ukraine 05/07/2005   77389/17 01/11/2017 Sergey Petrovich KUNITSKIY 1968     Lugansk Regional Court of Appeal 01/08/2002 Supreme Court of Ukraine 08/04/2003   78615/17 26/10/2017 Anatoliy Anatolyevich KOTKO 1973 Bespala Tamila Sergiyivna Kharkiv Dnipropetrovsk Regional Court of Appeal 03/08/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine 07/12/2004   78638/17 26/10/2017 Viktor Petrovych SKRYNNYK 1957     Sumy Regional Court of Appeal 06/07/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine 19/10/2004   78644/17 26/10/2017 Albert Ivanovich AGUREYEV 1963     Luhansk Regional Court of 29/05/1998 Supreme Court of Ukraine 25/08/1998   81641/17 29/11/2017 Gennadiy Mykhaylovych NOGTYEV 1975     Kyiv Local Court 02/06/1997 Supreme Court of Ukraine 31/07/1997   82615/17 02/02/2018 Ruslan Mikhaylovich PETRENKO 1978     Chernigiv Regional Court of Appeal 05/03/2010 Supreme Court of Ukraine 06/07/2010   84505/17 09/12/2017 Vitaliy Vasilyevich KOSHIK 1981 Bespala Tamila Sergiyivna Kharkiv Dnipropetrovsk Regional Court of Appeal 16/07/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine 14/12/2004   38805/18 01/08/2018 Oleksandr Mykolayovych GUBARYEV 1979     Sumy Regional Court of Appeal 30/08/2002 Supreme Court of Ukraine 18/03/2003   16992/20 17/03/2020 Anatoliy Anatoliyovych BALYK 1969 Khaytov Pavlo Vyacheslavovych Chernigiv Kotovskyy City Court of Odessa Region, 18/02/2011 N/A   22467/20 19/05/2020 Vladyslav Yaroslavovych LOZINSKYY 1974 Revyakin Maksym Oleksandrovych Kharkiv Kmelnytsk Regional Court of Appeal 07/09/2006 Supreme Court of Ukraine 27/02/2007