CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 22 juillet 2021

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UKRAINE (Application no. 33994/20 and 7 others –see appended list)           JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 22 July 2021   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Lebedyev and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström, President,   Jovan Ilievski,   Mattias Guyomar, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 1 July 2021, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table 2.     The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained under Article 3 of the Convention of their life sentence with no prospect of release. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 of the Convention 6.     The applicants complained of the life sentence with no prospect of release. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court reiterates that the Convention does not prohibit the imposition of a life sentence on those convicted of especially serious crimes, such as murder. Yet to be compatible with Article 3 such a sentence must be reducible de jure and de facto , meaning that there must be both a prospect of release for the prisoner and a possibility of review. The basis of such review must extend to assessing whether there are legitimate penological grounds for the continuing incarceration of the prisoner. These grounds include punishment, deterrence, public protection and rehabilitation. The balance between them is not necessarily static and may shift in the course of a sentence, so that the primary justification for detention at the outset may not be so after a lengthy period of service of sentence. The   importance of the ground of rehabilitation is underlined, since it is here that the emphasis of European penal policy now lies, as reflected in the practice of the Contracting States, in the relevant standards adopted by the Council of Europe, and in the relevant international materials (see Vinter and   Others   v.   the United Kingdom [GC], nos. 66069/09 and 2   others, §§   59-81, ECHR 2013 (extracts)). 8.     In the leading case of Petukhov v. Ukraine (no. 2) , (no. 41216/13, 12   March 2019), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. They are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 10.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 11.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Petukhov (no. 2) cited above, §   201), the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that they disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the life sentence with no prospect of release; Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. Done in English, and notified in writing on 22 July 2021, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Viktoriya Maradudina   Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (life sentence with no prospect of release) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Name of the trial court Date of the life sentence Judicial decision upholding the conviction     33994/20 23/10/2020 Gennadiy Kostyantynovych LEBEDYEV 1972 Zaporozhets Oles Volodymyrovych Zaporizhzhya Tokmakskyy Local Court of Zaporizhzhya Region, 07/03/2013 Higher Specialised Civil and Criminal Court of Ukraine, 28/08/2014     42293/20 11/09/2020 Gennadiy Volodymyrovych BURYAK 1965 Kashapova Viktoriya Oleksiyivna Zhytomyr Kharkiv Regional Court, 14/06/2001 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 25/12/2001     43795/20 28/08/2020 Sergiy Volodymyrovych YEVGLEVSKYY 1986 Bespala Tamila Sergiyivna Kharkiv Court of Appeal of Donetsk Region, 12/03/2010 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 30/09/2010     47659/20 19/10/2020 Ruslan Viktorovych MALAKHOV 1976 Bespala Tamila Sergiyivna Kharkiv Zaporizhzhya Regional Court of Appeal, 31/07/2007 N/A     50826/20 19/10/2020 Vitaliy Viktorovych CHAYKOVSKYY 1967 Fedash Mykola Mykolayovych Kyiv Court of Appeal of Donetsk Region, 06/10/2005 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 19/10/2006     53207/20 11/11/2020 Oleksandr Vitaliyovych KAMATSKYY 1971 Kychenok Andriy Sergiyovych Kyiv Court of Appeal of Lviv Region, 25/07/2008 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 23/12/2008     53345/20 10/11/2020 Vasyl Volodymyrovych KOVAL 1962 Kychenok Andriy Sergiyovych Kyiv Sevastopol Court of Appeal, 26/11/2001 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 05/09/2002     53677/20 11/11/2020 Yan Mykhaylovych GORDIYCHUK 1969 Kychenok Andriy Sergiyovych Kyiv Sevastopol City Court of Appeal, 03/12/2002 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 17/04/2003