CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 22 juillet 2021

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UKRAINE (Application no. 53152/16 and 8 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 22 July 2021   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Krupko and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström, President,   Jovan Ilievski,   Mattias Guyomar, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 1 July 2021, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table 2.     The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained under Article 3 of the Convention of their life sentence with no prospect of release. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 of the Convention 6.     The applicants complained principally of the life sentence with no prospect of release. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court reiterates that the Convention does not prohibit the imposition of a life sentence on those convicted of especially serious crimes, such as murder. Yet to be compatible with Article 3 such a sentence must be reducible   de jure   and   de facto , meaning that there must be both a prospect of release for the prisoner and a possibility of review. The basis of such review must extend to assessing whether there are legitimate penological grounds for the continuing incarceration of the prisoner. These grounds include punishment, deterrence, public protection and rehabilitation. The   balance between them is not necessarily static and may shift in the course of a sentence, so that the primary justification for detention at the outset may not be so after a lengthy period of service of sentence. The   importance of the ground of rehabilitation is underlined, since it is here that the emphasis of European penal policy now lies, as reflected in the   practice of the Contracting States, in the relevant standards adopted by the Council of Europe, and in the relevant international materials (see Vinter and Others v.   the United Kingdom [GC], nos. 66069/09 and 2 others, §§   59-81, ECHR 2013 (extracts)). 8.     In the leading case of Petukhov v. Ukraine (no. 2) , no. 41216/13, 12   March 2019, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. They are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 10.     In application no.   53152/16, the applicant also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention. 11.     The Court has examined the applications and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles   34 and   35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article   35   §   4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Petukhov (no. 2), cited above, §   201 ) , the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the life sentence with no prospect of release admissible and the remainder of application no.   53152/16 inadmissible; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 3 of the   Convention concerning the life sentence with no prospect of release; Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction. Done in English, and notified in writing on 22 July 2021, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court. Viktoriya Maradudina   Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström Acting Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (life sentence with no prospect of release) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Name of the trial court Date of the life sentence Judicial decision upholding the conviction     53152/16 22/08/2016 Dmytro Volodymyrovych KRUPKO 1985 Ovdiyenko Ganna Volodymyrivna Kharkiv Pecherskyy Local Court of Kyiv, 21/11/2014 Higher Specialised   Court for Civil and Criminal Matters, 13/04/2016     15038/20 11/03/2020 Mykola Mykolayovych SAVCHUK 1968     Vinnytsya Regional Court, 10/11/1999 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 01/06/2000     18704/20 13/04/2020 Volodymyr Mykolayovych NAGORNYY 1981     Kovpakivskyy Local Court of Sumy, 25/08/2015 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 01/10/2019     20048/20 18/04/2020 Andriy Andriyovych ZHENCHAK 1968 Ovdiyenko Ganna Volodymyrivna Kharkiv Court of Appeal of Donetsk Region, 02/04/2007 N/A     21328/20 19/03/2020 Yevgen Valeriyovych BAKLINSKYY 1964     Court of Appeal of Dnipropetrovsk Region, 13/08/2001 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 22/01/2002     22697/20 18/05/2020 Ruslan Volodymyrovych OLIYNYK 1978     Belgorod Regional Court of the Russian Federation, 12/05//1998 Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, 04/08/1998 Kharkiv Zhovtnevyy Local Court, 15/06/2012 Higher Specialised   Court for Civil and Criminal Matters, 17/12/2013     42238/20 25/08/2020 Igor Yevgenovych TRUBITSIN 1960     Kirovograd Regional Court 04/12/1995 Supreme Court of Ukraine 28/03/1996     42269/20 15/09/2020 Valeriy Ivanovych RYABININ 1965 Bespala Tamila Sergiyivna Kharkiv Court of Appeal of Dnipropetrovsk Region, 20/02/2006 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 15/08/2006     42299/20 15/09/2020 Vitaliy Viktorovych MARCHENKO 1971 Ovdiyenko Ganna Volodymyrivna Kharkiv Court of Appeal of Zaporizhzhya Region, 28/10/2004 Supreme Court of Ukraine, 24/02/2005