CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 16 décembre 2021

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ROMANIA (Application no. 67616/16 and 19 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 16 December 2021   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Ruseti and Others v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Armen Harutyunyan, President,   Jolien Schukking,   Ana Maria Guerra Martins, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 25 November 2021, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Romania lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. Following the death of Mr Trif (application no.   20127/17), his children informed the Court of their wish to pursue the application introduced by the applicant. 2.     The Romanian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. THE LOCUS STANDI ISSUE FOR APPLICATION NO. 20127/17 6.     On 6 January 2021, after the communication of the case, the representative of the applicant in application no. 20127/17 informed the Court that the applicant, Mr Trif, had died on 14 November 2020 and that the applicant’s children, Ms Natalia-Diana Bulzan and Mr Lucian-Felician Trif, wanted to pursue the application in their father’s stead. 7.     The representative mentioned that, at the date of his death, the applicant was not married. She also submitted documents issued by a notary office according to which the applicant’s children had accepted the inheritance opened following the death of their father. 8.     This information and documents were communicated to the Government for information. No comments on the matter have been received from them. 9.     The Court considers that the documents provided are sufficient to prove the legal standing of the heirs. Moreover, the Court considers that the applicant’s children have a legitimate interest in obtaining the findings of the violations of the Convention alleged by the late applicant (see, mutatis mutandis , Morgoci v. the Republic of Moldova , no. 13421/06, §§   37 ‑ 42, 12   January 2016). 10.     Accordingly, the Court decides that Ms Natalia-Diana Bulzan and Mr   Lucian-Felician Trif have standing to continue the proceedings in respect of application no. 20127/17 on behalf of late Mr Trif. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 11.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 12.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no.   7334/13, §§   96 ‑ 101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić , cited above, §§   122 ‑ 41, and Ananyev and Others v.   Russia , nos.   42525/07 and 60800/08, §§   149 ‑ 59, 10   January 2012). 13.     In the leading case of Rezmiveș and Others v. Romania, nos. 61467/12 and 3 others, 25 April 2017, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 14.     Having examined all the material submitted to it and the arguments raised by the parties, including the Government’s objection related to the non ‑ exhaustion of domestic remedies, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case ‑ law on the subject (including its findings in the recent case of Polgar v.   Romania , no. 39412/19, §§ 94-97, 20   July 2021), the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention, as described in the table appended below, were inadequate. 15.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 16.     In applications nos. 10290/17, 16587/17, 19395/17 and 20127/17, the applicants also raised other complaints under Article 3 of the Convention. 17.     The Court has examined the applications listed in the appended table and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles   34 and   35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article   35   §   4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 18.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 19.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Rezmiveș and Others, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 20.     The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Decides that Ms Natalia-Diana Bulzan and Mr Lucian-Felician Trif, the children of the applicant in application no. 20127/17, have locus standi in the proceedings; Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention, for periods specified in the appended table, admissible,   and the remainder of the applications inadmissible; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention for the periods indicated in the table appended below; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay to the heirs of the deceased applicant, Mr Trif, jointly, and to each of the remaining applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 16 December 2021, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Armen Harutyunyan   Acting Deputy Registrar   President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]       67616/16 19/12/2016 Narcis-George RUSETI 1976     Craiova, Drobeta Turnu Severin and Găești Prisons 05/05/2014 to 11/01/2017 2 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 7 day(s) 1.30-2.91 m² overcrowding (save for 28/05-10/06/2015 and 16/08/2016-11/01/2017), bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell   3,000     743/17 10/03/2017 Ruslan NANI 1981     Vaslui Prison 05/11/2015 to 11/10/2016 11 month(s) and 7 day(s) 1.91-2.86 m² overcrowding, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, lack or inadequate furniture, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to running water, poor quality of food   1,000     8841/17 19/01/2017 Ionuţ Daniel DUMITRESCU 1995     Vâlcea County Police and Colibași and Craiova Prisons 23/05/2014 to 22/09/2016 2 year(s) and 4 month(s)   1.38-2.90 m²   overcrowding (save for 23/05-17/06/2014 and 14 ‑ 18/05/2015), mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food, lack of fresh air 3,000     9323/17 08/03/2017 Bruno-Alessandro DICHIARA 1988     Târgoviște Police, Rahova Prison Hospital and Mărgineni and Ploiești Prisons 28/09/2014 to 15/11/2016 2 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 19 day(s)   1.16-2.5 m² overcrowding (save for 28/09-27/11/2014 and 19 ‑ 23/12/2014), infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of toiletries, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, insufficient number of sleeping places 3,000     10135/17 02/03/2017 Nicolae NAE 1971     Brașov County Police, Jilava and Colibași Prison Hospitals and Codlea, Mărgineni, Ploiești and Găești Prisons 26/06/2013 to 23/06/2017 3 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 29 day(s) 0.91-2.85 m² overcrowding (save for 27/09-07/10/2013; 14 ‑ 21/12/2015 and 23/05-13/07/2016), inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of privacy for toilet 3,000     10290/17 24/03/2017 Marin NEAGU 1968 Nicoleta Nedelea Bucharest Slobozia Police and Slobozia, Poarta Albă and Găești Prisons 10/02/2010 to 03/05/2017 7 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 24 day(s)   1.48-2.68 m² overcrowding (save for 05/09-22/09/2016), lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen 5,000     10571/17 30/05/2017 Viorel ZAMFIR 1965     Codlea Prison 24/05/2016 to 11/07/2017 1 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 18 day(s) 0.76-1.96 m² overcrowding, bunk beds, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, constant electric light, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of toiletries, infestation of cell with insects/rodents   3,000     11054/17 03/02/2017 Valentin-Daniel AXINTE 1989 Ionela Mărgărit Bucharest Galați and Brăila Prisons 06/07/2016 to 11/04/2017 9 month(s) and 6 day(s) 1.50-2.81 m² overcrowding (save for 31/10-10/11/2016 and 26/01-01/02/2017), bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell   1,000     11056/17 03/02/2017 Florin MIHALCEA 1987 Ionela Mărgărit Bucharest Galați and Brăila Prisons 11/05/2016 to 17/08/2017 1 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 7 day(s) 1.20-2.25 m² overcrowding, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack or inadequate furniture, poor quality of food   3,000   14698/17 14/02/2017 Dezső MOLNAR 1963 Eva Molnar Sfântu-Gheoghe Codlea Prison 11/02/2016 to 09/08/2017 1 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 30 day(s) 1.60-1.92 m² overcrowding, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient natural light, bunk beds, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, lack or inadequate furniture   3,000   14719/17 21/04/2017 Alecu-Silviu TUDOSE 1987     Buzău County Police and Mărgineni and Ploiești Prisons 24/10/2013 to 17/10/2017 3 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 24 day(s) 1.09-2.15 m² overcrowding (save for 24/10-18/11/2013), lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, bunk beds, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to potable water, poor quality of food   3,000   14975/17 16/02/2017 Gavril-Istvan VARGA 1983 Adina Mădălina Gurău Oradea Oradea Prison 19/06/2015 to 11/10/2016 1 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 23 day(s) 1.83-2.66 m² overcrowding (save for 19/06-10/07/2015; 04/11/2015-11/02/2016 and 28/04-11/10/2016), inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to shower   3,000   16380/17 20/02/2017 Dan-Adrian AMARIEI 1979 Claudia Nadina Daciana Cândea Timișoara Arad and Timișoara Prisons 05/03/2012 to 06/12/2016 4 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 2 day(s) 2.14-2.25 m² overcrowding (save for 05/04/2012-05/11/2015 and 05/05-16/12/2016), lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to running water, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, poor quality of food   3,000   16587/17 20/03/2017 Gheorghe BUD 1969     Focșani Prison 04/10/2016 to 11/11/2016 1 month(s) and 8 day(s)   Focșani Prison 22/11/2016 to 13/12/2016 22 day(s)   Focșani Prison 17/01/2017 to 20/01/2017 4 day(s)   Focșani Prison 21/03/2017 to 25/05/2017 2 month(s) and 5 day(s)   1.44 m²         1.54 m²         1.66 m²         1.66 m²   overcrowding         overcrowding         overcrowding         overcrowding 1,000   18051/17 01/03/2017 Andrii LEMAK 1987 Vasile Rareş Biro Satu Mare Satu Mare County Police and Satu Mare Prison 04/01/2016 to 06/09/2016 8 month(s) and 3 day(s) 1.13-1.93 m² overcrowding, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack or inadequate furniture, constant electric light, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to warm water   1,000   18416/17 21/03/2017 Fănel CUȚI 1986     Galați and Brăila Prisons 02/11/2016 to 25/04/2017 5 month(s) and 24 day(s) 1.16-2 m² overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, bunk beds, lack or inadequate furniture, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient natural light   1,000   19395/17 24/04/2017 Dumitru STAN 1972 Irina Maria Peter Bucharest Jilava and Găești Prisons 14/07/2015 to 28/02/2017 1 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 15 day(s) 1.71-2.94 m² overcrowding (save for 15/07-25/08/2015), no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to shower, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of potable water, lack or inadequate furniture   3,000   20127/17 09/03/2017 Ionel TRIF Born in 1969 Died on 14/11/2020   Heirs Lucian-Felician TRIF 1995     Natalia-Diana BULZAN   1999   Nicoleta Iuga Arad Bistrița, Gherla and Timișoara Prisons 31/03/2016 to 13/09/2016 5 month(s) and 13 day(s) 1.87-2.25 m² overcrowding, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/rodents 1,000, to be paid jointly to the two heirs of late Mr Trif   24701/17 31/07/2017 Viorel BIȘOC 1980 Alina Gherman Miroslava Iași and Botoșani Prisons 01/09/2015 to 21/02/2017 1 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 21 day(s) 1.28-2.86 m² overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air   3,000   26899/17 27/03/2017 Constantin Nicusor TODEA 1992 Cezara-Maria Nichita-Costescu Timișoara Arad and Timișoara Prisons 12/02/2014 to 16/05/2017 3 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 5 day(s) 1.74-2.27 m² overcrowding (save for 26/03/2014- 25/02/2016), constant electric light, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of toiletries, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, inadequate temperature, poor quality of food   3,000   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.