CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 9 juin 2022

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 61059/19 and 10 others – see appended list)         JUDGMENT           STRASBOURG 9 June 2022 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Serkin and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Darian Pavli, President,   Andreas Zünd,   Mikhail Lobov, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 19 May 2022, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5   §   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article   5   §   3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article   5   §   3 “3.     Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph   1   (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.” 7.     The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article   5 §   3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v.   Poland [GC], no.   30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006 ‑ X, with further references). 8.     In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   5   §   3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.     In applications nos.   61059/19, 4420/20, 12505/20, 17193/20 and 33723/20, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in (see   Svinarenko   and   Slyadnev   v.   Russia   [GC], nos. 32541/08   and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts), related to the detention in a metal cage during court hearings; Idalov   v.   Russia   ([GC],   no. 5826/03, §§   154 ‑ 58, 161 ‑ 65, 22   May 2012, concerning lengthy review of detention matters, and Korshunov v. Russia , no. 38971/06, §§ 59-63, 25 October 2007, as regards absence of an enforceable right to compensation for a violation of a right to trial within a reasonable time) APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19   December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 14.     The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   5   §   3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 9 June 2022, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Darian Pavli   Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention (excessive length of pre-trial detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Period of detention/house arrest Court which issued detention order/examined appeal Length of detention Specific defects Other complaints under well ‑ established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     61059/19 15/11/2019 Maksim Yuryevich SERKIN 1973 04/06/2018 pending Kirovskiy District Court of Khabarovsk; Khabarovsk Regional Court; Tverskoy District Court of Moscow, Moscow City Court More than 3 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 2 day(s)   fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - appeal against the detention order of 10/04/2019 (Tverskoy District Court) was heard on 15/05/2019 (Moscow City Court); appeal against the detention order of 29/05/2019 of the Tverskoy District Court was examined on appeal on 15/08/2019 by the Moscow City Court 5,300     4420/20 27/12/2019 Roman Aleksandrovich KARETNIKOV 1986 26/05/2015 pending Severodvinsk Town Court of the Arkhangelsk Region; Arkhangelsk Regional Court More than 6 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 11 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed; Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - Detention order of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court of 05/12/2019 was upheld on appeal by the 2nd Appellate Court of General Jurisdiction on 03/02/2020 6,500     11711/20 05/02/2020 Dmitriy Aleksandrovich DANILOV 1985 26/05/2015 pending Severodvinsk Town Court of the Arkhangelsk Region; Arkhangelsk Regional Court More than 6 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 11 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding as the case progressed; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed;   5,000     12505/20 14/02/2020 Ilkin Elshanovich SALIMOV 1994 07/05/2017 to 09/12/2021 Zheleznogorskiy Town Court of the Krasnoyarsk Region, Leninskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Regional Court, Fifth Court of Appeal of general jurisdiction 4 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 3 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice as the case progressed; Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - detention in a metal cage on multiple occasions during the trial hearings held in the courtroom of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court since 18/02/2019,   Art. 5 (5) - lack of, or inadequate compensation, for the violation of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention 9,100     12722/20 21/02/2020 Oleg Aleksandrovich CHUKLANOV 1984 08/02/2018 pending Vakhitovskiy District Court of Kazan; Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic More than 4 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 29 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;   4,200     14965/20 12/02/2020 Vitaliy Yakovlevich LIPPS 1986 24/09/2018 to 07/12/2000 Chernovskiy District Court of Chita; Zabaykalskiy Regional Court; 5ht Appeal Court of General Jurisdiction 2 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 14 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;   2,300     17033/20 13/03/2020 Marina Gennadyevna SMIRNOVA 1982 18/09/2016 to 02/12/2019 Naberezhnye Chelny Town Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, Supreme Court of the Republic of Tatarstan 3 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 15 day(s)   failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;   3,300     17193/20 28/02/2020 Yuriy Nikolayevich VARNIKOV 1985 09/11/2014 pending Arkhangelsk Regional Court; 2nd Appellate Court of General Jurisdiction More than 7 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 28 day(s)   failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint as the case progressed; Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - Detention order of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court of 05/12/2019 was upheld on appeal by the 2nd Appellate Court of General Jurisdiction on 03/02/2020 6,500     22482/20 20/04/2020 Niyaz Refkatevich ZIYATTINOV 1987 24/04/2018 to 20/01/2020 Vakhitovskiy District Court of Kazan; Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic; Tsentralnyy District Military Court of Ekaterinburg; Privolzhskiy Distriict Military Court; Appellate Military Court 1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 28 day(s)   use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention;   1,900   33723/20 15/07/2020 Alaudin Savarbekovich BOKOV 1983 05/09/2019 pending Ostankinskiy District Court of Moscow, Moscow City Court More than 2 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 1 day(s)   fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - appeals against numerous detention orders issued since 2019 were examined by the appeal court within the period each time exceeding 30 days. 3,600   35473/20 23/07/2020 Yelena Valentinovna KLIMOVSKAYA 1968 01/02/2019 to 30/01/2020 Syktyvkar Town Court of the Komi Republic, Supreme Court of the Komi Republic 11 month(s) and 30 day(s)   use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint   1,000   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.