CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 10 novembre 2022

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 47557/12 and 3 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG 10 November 2022 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Mikhaylov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Darian Pavli , President,   Andreas Zünd ,   Frédéric Krenc , judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar , Having deliberated in private on 20 October 2022, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained about their confinement in metal cages before the court during the criminal proceedings against them. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained about their confinement in metal cages before the court during the criminal proceedings against them. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 3 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” 7.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in metal cages before the court in the context of their trials. In the leading cases of Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts) and Vorontsov and Others v. Russia, no. 59655/14 and 2 others, 31 January 2017, the Court already dealt with the issue of the use of metal cages in courtrooms and found that such a practice constituted in itself an affront to human dignity and amounted to degrading treatment prohibited by Article   3 of the Convention. Similar finding was reached by the Court in respect of the practice of confinement of defendants in metal cages   at   remand prisons for the purposes of   their participation in   court   hearings   carried out   via   a video link   (see   Karachentsev v. Russia ,   no.   23229/11,   §§   50-54, 17   April 2018). 8.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ confinement in metal cages before the court during the criminal proceedings against them amounted to degrading treatment. 9.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. Other complaints 10.     The applicants further complained under Articles 6   and 13 of the Convention in relation to their placement in a metal cage before a court. 11.     Having regard to the facts of the cases, the submissions of the parties, and its findings above, the Court considers that it has examined the main legal question raised in the present applications and that there is no need to give a separate ruling on the remaining complaints (see   Centre for Legal Resources on behalf of Valentin   Câmpeanu   v.   Romania   [GC], no.   47848/08, §   156, ECHR 2014). APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Vorontsov and Others, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table and dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction. 14.     The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints under Article 3 of the Convention on account of the applicants’ placement in metal cages before the court during the criminal proceedings against them admissible and holds that there is no need to examine the applicants’ remaining complaints; Holds that there has been a breach of Article   3 of the Convention; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points; Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction. Done in English, and notified in writing on 10 November 2022, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Darian Pavli   Acting Deputy Registrar   President       APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (use of metal cages in courtrooms) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Name of the court Date of the relevant judgment Amount awarded for non-pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros) [1] Amount awarded for costs and expenses per application (in euros) [2]     47557/12 18/06/2012 Nikolay Nikolayevich MIKHAYLOV 1989 Druzhkova Olga Vladimirovna Moscow The Supreme Court of Russia 09/04/2012 7,500 -     8229/15 26/01/2015 Mikhail Aleksandrovich TIMOFEYEV 1966 Zykov Andrey Leonidovich Khabarovsk Khabarovsk Regional Court 01/08/2014 7,500 950     55766/15 02/11/2015 Ilnar Klimovich GILYAZETDINOV 1976 Khammatova Darya Mikhaylovna Kazan Supreme Court of the Republic of Tatarstan 19/05/2015 7,500 1,000     5440/16 14/01/2016 Khalid Adamovich AZMATGIRIYEV 1983 Shukhardin Valeriy Vladimirovich Moscow Moscow City Court 13/08/2015 7,500 -     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants. [2] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.