CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 6 avril 2023

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 6274/13 and 23 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 6 April 2023   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Pchelin and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Peeter Roosma , President ,   Ioannis Ktistakis,   Andreas Zünd , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 16 March 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers and/or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   11 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers and/or participants of public assemblies, namely the dispersal of these assemblies, as well as the applicants’ arrest followed by their conviction for administrative offence. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention. 7.     The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no.   37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey , no. 74552/01, ECHR   2006 ‑ XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova , no. 33482/06, 31   March 2009). 8.     In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well ‑ established case-law (see Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 84-138, 10 April 2018, as regards unlawful administrative arrest, and Karelin v. Russia , no. 926/08, 20 September 2016, concerning examination of criminal cases in the absence of a prosecuting party in the judicial proceedings governed by the Federal Code of Administrative Offences(CAO)). REMAINING COMPLAINTS 12.     In view of its findings above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with the remaining complaints under Article 6 of the Convention raised by some of the applicants in relation to other aspects of the fairness of the administrative-offence proceedings. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 14.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos.   25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table and dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the right to peaceful assembly and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and decides that it is not necessary to examine separately the remaining complaints under Article   6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of the fairness of the proceedings; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention concerning the right to peaceful assembly, Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points; Dismisses the reminder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction. Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 April 2023, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Viktoriya Maradudina   Peeter Roosma   Acting Deputy Registrar   President       APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative charges Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     6274/13 06/12/2012 Dmitriy Fedorovich PCHELIN 1984     Protest against a violation of freedom of peaceful assembly   Moscow, Red Square   01/04/2012 Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO fine of RUB   500 Tverskoy District Court of Moscow 13/06/2012   3,500     69940/17 07/09/2017 Yevgeniy Viktorovich TRISHIN 1988 Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow Anti-corruption manifestation   St Petersburg   12/06/2017 Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO, Article   20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   1,000 and RUB   10,000, respectively St   Petersburg City Court 18/07/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - arrest and detention on 12/06/2017 in excess of 3 hours for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; issue raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: St Petersburg City Court on 18/07/2017   4,000     79158/17 02/11/2017 Ivan Borisovich KURIN 1986 Gaynutdinov Damir Ravilevich Sofia, Bulgaria Anti-corruption rally   Labour Square, Yekaterinburg   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 04/05/2017   3,500     79161/17 02/11/2017 Leonid Valeryevich MELCHAKOV 1983 Gaynutdinov Damir Ravilevich Sofia, Bulgaria Anti-corruption rally   Labour Square, Yekaterinburg   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 03/05/2017   3,500     79367/17 02/11/2017 Leonid Leonidovich VINOKUROV 1986 Gaynutdinov Damir Ravilevich Sofia, Bulgaria Anti-corruption rally   Labour Square, Yekaterinburg   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 03/05/2017   3,500     79945/17 15/11/2017 Dmitriy Pavlovich POROKH 1995 Gaynutdinov Damir Ravilevich Sofia, Bulgaria Anti-corruption rally   Labour square, Yekaterinburg   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 16/05/2017 Art. 5 (1) – unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - The applicant was detained for almost 3 hours on 26/03/2017 in a police bus at the place of the events without a valid reason; raised on appeal   4,000     80631/17 17/11/2017 Anatoliy Viktorovich GONENKO 1984 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Moscow City Court 26/05/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 26/05/2017   3,500     80632/17 17/11/2017 Oksana Aleksandrovna PROSNIKOVA 1985 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Moscow City Court 17/05/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - The applicant was escorted to a police station on 26/03/2017, where the administrative offence report was drawn up. The applicant’s detention exceeded 3-hour statutory time limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 17/05/2017   4,000     80633/17 17/11/2017 Olga Nikolayevna BUSHKOVA 1986 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Moscow City Court 16/06/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis – the applicant escorted to a police station to draw an administrative offence report; arrest exceeding 3-hour statutory time limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 16/06/2017 4,000   81111/17 20/11/2017 Yuliya Alekseyevna SUBOCHEVA 1986 Zboroshenko Nikolay Sergeyevich Mytishchi Public assembly in favour of social benefits for Moscow residents   Moscow   01/07/2016 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 24/05/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 24/05/2017   3,500   83338/17 05/12/2017 Yuriy Aleksandrovich LEVANOV 1981 Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 06/06/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis – arrested on 26/03/2017 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; arrest exceeding 3-hour statutory time-limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 06/06/2017   4,000   83929/17 08/12/2017 Andrey Aleksandrovich BELYAVSKIY 1982 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 14/06/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 14/06/2017     3,500   83934/17 08/12/2017 Valeriy Sergeyevich NAZARKIN 1983 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 08/06/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - the applicant was arrested on 26/03/2017 and escorted to a police station for compiling an administrative offence record; arrest exceeding 3-hour statutory time- limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 08/06/2017   4,000   83937/17 08/12/2017 Sergey Gennadyevich RIDINGER 1986 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 24/07/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis – the applicant was arrested on 26/03/2017 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record; the applicant’s detention exceeded the statutory time- limit of 3   hours; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 24/07/2017   4,000   83947/17 08/12/2017 Aleksey Mikhaylovich SINITSYN 1996 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   5,000 Moscow City Court 18/07/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - the applicant was escorted to a police station for drawing up an administrative offence record; the arrest exceeded 3-hour statutory time- limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 18/07/2017   4,000   84510/17 15/12/2017 Vladimir Ivanovich SOFILKANICH 1968 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Anti-corruption rally   Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 16/06/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis – the applicant was arrested on 26/03/2017 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, without any assessment/explanation as to why it was impossible to draw the record on the spot; unlawful administrative arrest exceeding 3 hours: apprehended by the police at 2.50 p.m. on 26/03/2017, released from the police station at 8   p.m.; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 16/06/2017   4,000   84520/17 18/12/2017 Yekaterina Valeryevna TAGUNOVA 1991 Mehtiyeva Kamalia Paris Rally for rotation of high-ranking Russian officials   Aleksandrovskiy Park, St   Petersburg   29/04/2017 Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO and Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   500 and fine of RUB   100 St Petersburg City Court 20/06/2017       3,500   2160/18 11/12/2017 Kseniya Mikhaylovna KORCHILOVA 1996 Markin Konstantin Aleksandrovich Velikiy Novgorod Anti-corruption demonstration   St Petersburg,   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 St Petersburg City Court 06/07/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: St Petersburg City Court on 06/07/2017   3,500   2845/18 26/12/2017 Stanislav Valeryevich ANDREYCHUK 1985 Glukhov Aleksey Vladimirovich Novocheboksarsk Anti-terrorism manifestation   Barnaul   08/04/2017 Article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Altay Regional Court 12/09/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Altay Regional Court on 12/09/2017   3,500   3844/18 13/12/2017 Mariya Sergeyevna SECHINA 1991 Ratnikova Svetlana Sergeyevna St Petersburg Anti-corruption demonstration   St   Petersburg   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 St Petersburg City Court 06/07/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: St Petersburg City Court on 06/07/2017 3,500   4818/18 08/12/2017 Ruslan Igorevich OSTROVSKIY 1989 Preobrazhenskaya Oksana Vladimirovna Strasbourg Anti-corruption rally   Tverskaya square, Moscow   26/03/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Moscow City Court 08/12/2017 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - arrested on 26/03/2017, at 3.30 p.m., taken to a police station to draw up a record of administrative offence; released on the same day after 10 p.m., detention beyond the 3-hour statutory time-limit; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Moscow City Court on 08/12/2017   4,000   59656/18 06/12/2018 Igor Aleksandrovich YAKOVLEV 1986 Glukhov Aleksey Vladimirovich Novocheboksarsk Opposition manifestation   Republic Square, Cheboksary   05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Supreme Court of the Chuvashia Republic 07/06/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Final decision: Supreme Court of the Chuvashia Republic on 07/06/2018   3,500   59662/18 08/12/2018 Pavel Vladimirovich NIKITIN 1991 Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow Opposition manifestation   Vladimir   05/05/2018     Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO and Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB   5,000 and 1 day of administrative arrest Vladimir Regional Court 06/09/2018 and Vladimir Regional Court 09/06/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of the administrative-offence proceedings. Final decisions: Vladimir Regional Court on 06/09/2018 and 09/06/2018   3,500   1025/19 14/12/2018 Nikolay Aleksandrovich SKVORTSOV 1990 Glukhov Aleksey Vladimirovich Novocheboksarsk Opposition manifestation   Cheboksary   05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Supreme Court of the Chuvashia Republic 17/07/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Supreme Court of the Chuvashia Republic on 17/07/2018   3,500     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.