CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 14 septembre 2023

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 46020/18 and 32 others – see appended list)           JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 14 September 2023         This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Islamov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Peeter Roosma , President ,   Ioannis Ktistakis,   Andreas Zünd , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 13 July 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2 others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 7.     The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention. 8.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no. 7334/13, 20 October 2016; Kud ła   v.   Poland [GC], no.   30210/96, §§   90 ‑ 94, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI; and Ananyev and Others v.   Russia , nos.   42525/07 and   60800/08, §§   139 ‑ 65, 10   January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v.   Lithuania , no.   53254/99, §§   36–40, 7 April 2005). 9.     In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no.   5993/08, 28   November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate. 11.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see the appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill ‑ founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well-established case-law (see Sergey Babushkin , cited above, §§ 38-45, concerning the lack of an effective remedy for the complaint about conditions of post-conviction detention; Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, §§ 103-08 and 154-58, 22 May 2012; and Tomov and Others v. Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§ 92-156, 9 April 2019, concerning inadequate conditions of transport and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect). APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.     Article   41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 14.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014, and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, nos.   16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants’ complaints as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention after conviction; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 14 September 2023, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Peeter Roosma   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention after conviction) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Inmates per brigade Sq. m per inmate Number of toilets per brigade Specific grievances Other complaints under well ‑ established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     46020/18 05/09/2018 Rustem Ravilevich ISLAMOV 1979     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 27/02/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 21 day(s) 100 inmate(s) 1.7 m² 5 toilet(s) overcrowding, lack of or insufficient electric light, insufficient number of toilets and wash basins, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, roll calls held outdoors during heavy showers and frost, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, insufficient space of the exercise yard Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46077/18 18/09/2018 Firdavs Nurulloyevich KHASANOV 1969     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/09/2015 pending as of 16/09/2022 7 year(s) and 16 day(s) 1.5 m² lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46107/18 17/09/2018 Sergey Nikolayevich NIKULIN 1975     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/10/2016 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 16 day(s) 1.6 m² lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46233/18 15/09/2018 Aleksandr Sergeyevich DEMIDENKO 1985     IK-1 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/09/2013 pending as of 16/09/2022 9 year(s) and 16 day(s) 40 inmate(s) 2 m² lack of fresh air, overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/rodents Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46296/18 13/09/2018 Nikolay Vasilyevich KOZLOV 1978     IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region 18/12/2009 pending as of 16/09/2022 12 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 30 day(s) 140 inmate(s) 3 to 3.6 m² 7 toilet(s)   no toilet tanks, overcrowding, lack of privacy for toilet, no flushing in the toilets Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46311/18 10/09/2018 Vadim Sergeyevich TEREKHOV 1985     IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 01/09/2015 pending as of 16/09/2022 7 year(s) and 16 day(s) 81 inmate(s) 1.8 m² 4 toilet(s) overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to running water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500     46567/18 13/09/2018 Aleksey Vladimirovich POGUNOV 1977     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 23/01/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 25 day(s) 1.6 m² lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of food, lack of privacy for toilet, lack or inadequate furniture, no or restricted access to shower, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents   12,500     46595/18 13/09/2018 Damir Varisovich MUKMINOV 1970     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/08/2018 pending as of 16/09/2022 4 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 16 day(s) 1.8 m² lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, small courtyard for walk, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention and in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;   Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van on 30/07/2018: overcrowding (0.33   m²), lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack of access to water 13,500     46644/18 27/08/2018 Dmitriy Aleksandrovich ILYUSHIN 1986     IK-14 Krasnoyarsk Region 26/01/2018 to 12/04/2019 1 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 18 day(s) 3 m² constant electric light, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, overcrowding Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,900   46940/18 12/09/2018 Sergey Aleksandrovich IGNATOV 1976     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 27/03/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 21 day(s) 1.2 m² overcrowding, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of fresh air, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease   12,500   46955/18 26/09/2018 Stanislav Vladimirovich YESAULENKO 1990 Chetverikova Svetlana Yuryevna Gelendzhik IK-10 Saratov Region 14/02/2013 pending as of 16/09/2022 9 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 3 day(s) 90 inmate(s) 1.6 m² 5 toilet(s) poor quality of food, overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   47156/18 24/09/2018 Gafiz Fizulliyevich RZAYEV 1983 Lemeshev Andrey Stanislavovich Bryansk IK-5 Kirov Region 01/08/2017 to 13/06/2018 10 month(s) and 13 day(s) 160 inmate(s) 2 m² 10 toilet(s) lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of food, overcrowding, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of requisite medical assistance, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen   4,800   47198/18 25/09/2018 Vitaliy Nikolayevich ALEKSANDROV 1986     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/02/2015 pending as of 16/09/2022 7 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 16 day(s) 1.7 m² lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, stench, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, overcrowding in the courtyard, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   47223/18 21/09/2018 Sergey Yuryevich VINOGRADOV 1970     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 27/04/2015 pending as of 16/09/2022 7 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 21 day(s) 125 inmate(s) 1.9 m² 8 toilet(s) poor quality of food, lack of fresh air   12,500   47228/18 22/09/2018 Aleksey Aleksandrovich DYACHENKO 1995     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 13/02/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 4 day(s) 115 inmate(s) 1.5 m² 8 toilet(s) lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/rodents Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   47261/18 17/09/2018 Aleksandr Andreyevich YANTSUKEVICH 1985     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 21/11/2016 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 27 day(s) 130 inmate(s) 1.5 m² 6 toilet(s) overcrowding, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of potable water, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, lack of or insufficient electric light, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   47319/18 25/09/2018 Aleksandr Alekseyevich NABATCHIKOV 1992     IK-5 Kirov Region 24/04/2018 to 23/10/2020 2 year(s) and 6 month(s) 105 inmate(s) 2.4 m² 7 toilet(s) overcrowding, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, inadequate clothing allowance, poor quality of food, insufficient quantity of cutlery, mouldy or dirty cell, insufficient number of toilets and wash basins, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention and in respect of inadequate conditions of transport;   Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van and train and detention in transit facilities from 21/05/2019 to 02/07/2019: lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, inadequate temperature, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of toiletries, lack of ventilation, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack or insufficient quantity of food, numerous occasions of transport, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities 10,600   47806/18 11/12/2018 Andrey Vladimirovich RIMMER 1977     IK-49 Komi Republic 01/04/2011 pending as of 16/09/2022 11 year(s) and 5   month(s) and 16 day(s) 100 inmate(s) <2 m² overcrowding, lack of fresh air, poor quality of potable water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   47982/18 02/10/2018 Roman Nikolayevich GUZIK 1984     IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region 11/04/2018 to 21/11/2019 1 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 11 day(s) 110 inmate(s) 2.3 m² 4 toilet(s) inadequate temperature, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 7,100   48009/18 25/09/2018 Denis Vitalyevich PISAREV 1986     IK-11 Nizhny Novgorod Region 05/04/2015 pending as of 16/09/2022 7 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 12 day(s) 136 inmate(s) 1.4 m² 6 toilet(s) overcrowding, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of potable water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower   12,500   48142/18 26/09/2018 Vyacheslav Yuryevich SURGUTSKIY 1975     IK-34 Krasnoyarsk Region 16/08/2015 to 04/04/2018 2 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 20 day(s) 2.8 m² lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, overcrowding, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000   48237/18 29/09/2018 Dmitriy Yuryevich YAKOVLEV 1980 Alekseyeva Natalya Vasilyevna Krasnoyarsk IK-16 Krasnoyarsk Region 27/10/2015 to 29/08/2018 2 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 3 day(s) 32 inmate(s) 2.25 m² 4 toilet(s) no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 5,000   48384/18 29/09/2018 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich PISAREV 1985 Alekseyeva Natalya Vasilyevna Krasnoyarsk IK-16 Krasnoyarsk Region 20/10/2016 to 29/08/2018 1 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 10 day(s)     IK-7 Krasnoyarsk Region 29/08/2018 pending as of 16/09/2022 4 year(s) and 19 day(s) 32 inmate(s) 2.2 m²           <0.5 m² lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to shower, poor quality of potable water, poor quality of food, inadequate temperature, inadequate prison clothing   infestation of cell with insects/rodents, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of privacy for toilet, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of seasonal clothes Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48617/18 28/09/2018 Viktor Fedorovich YEPIKHIN 1957     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 27/03/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 21 day(s) 1.5 m² overcrowding, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, inadequate temperature Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48660/18 28/01/2019 Igor Vladimirovich KOTLYAROV 1971     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 04/08/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 13 day(s) 1.3 m² overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48683/18 02/10/2018 Nazar Petrovich MOKRINSKIY 1989     IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 17/01/2013 pending as of 16/09/2022 9 year(s) and 8 month(s) 89 inmate(s) 1.6 m² no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48778/18 17/09/2018 Yuriy Petrovich CHUKHRAY 1958     IK-1 Komi Republic 01/09/2017 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 16 day(s) 300 inmate(s) 1.2 m² 3 toilet(s) overcrowding, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of fresh air, poor quality of food Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van and train, on 21/05/2018; lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet; transport in similar conditions on 13 -14/05/2019 by van and train; transfer by train on 25/06/2021; 9 inmates per train compartment, no access to toilet, no sleeping place during overnight transfer   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention and in respect of inadequate conditions of transport 13,500   48813/18 03/10/2018 Sergey Varazdatovich KHACHATRYAN 1950     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 29/09/2012 pending as of 16/09/2022 9 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 19 day(s) 150 inmate(s) 1.5 m² 6 toilet(s) lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack of requisite medical assistance, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48870/18 02/10/2018 Sergey Olegovich ZAVYALOV 1980     IK-5 Kirov Region 24/04/2018 to 01/02/2019 9 month(s) and 9 day(s) 3 m² lack of privacy for toilet, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of food, inadequate temperature, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, passive smoking, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to running water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van on 15/04-16/04/2018; 0.26   m² of personal space; overcrowding, no access to food, lack of possibility to sleep, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking, no or restricted access to potable water;   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention and in respect of inadequate conditions of transport 5,700   48887/18 25/09/2018 Oleg Nikolayevich SOROKIN 1965     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 24/08/2010 pending as of 16/09/2022 12 year(s) and 24 day(s) 1.3-1.5 m² overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, scarce surface of walking ward, lack or insufficient quantity of food, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48906/18 02/10/2018 Dmitriy Sergeyevich SIZONENKO 1985 Solovyev Igor Anatolyevich Rzhev IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 09/09/2013 pending as of 16/09/2022 9 year(s) and 8 day(s) 127 inmate(s) 1.5-1.7 m² lack of ventilation, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, limited time for taking food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   48979/18 21/01/2019 Yevgeniy Igorevich MIRONOV 1974     IK-37 Perm Region 20/09/2016 to 21/08/2018 1 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 2 day(s) <3 m² overcrowding, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to warm water, bunk beds   5,000   49282/18 12/09/2018 Vartan Varuzhanovich GARIBYAN 1992     IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 31/10/2016 pending as of 16/09/2022 5 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 17 day(s) 46 inmate(s) 1.6-1.8 m² overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to toilet Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention 12,500   [1]     Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.