CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 26 octobre 2023

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 5261/19 and 30 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 26 October 2023   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Penkovtsev and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Péter Paczolay , President ,   Gilberto Felici,   Raffaele Sabato , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 5 October 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     A list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of detention during their transport. Some applicants also raised a complaint under Article   13 of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2   others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17   January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 7.     The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of detention during their transport. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention. 8.     The Court notes that the applicants were detained in poor conditions during transport. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding cramped and defective conditions during the transit of prisoners (see Tomov and Others v. Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§ 124-27, 9   April 2019). It reiterates in particular that a strong presumption of a violation arises when detainees are transported in conveyances offering less than 0.5 square metres of space per person, regardless of whether such cramped conditions result from an excessive number of detainees being transported together or from the restrictive design of compartments (ibid., §   125). As regards longer journeys, factors such as a failure to arrange an individual sleeping place for each detainee or to secure an adequate supply of drinking water and food or access to the toilet seriously aggravate the situation of prisoners during transfers and are indicative of a violation of Article 3 (ibid., § 127). 9.     In the leading case of Tomov and Others (cited above), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during their transport were inadequate. 11.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.     The applicants whose names are listed in the appended table also complained under Article 13 of the Convention of the lack of an effective remedy for their complaints about poor conditions of detention during transport. These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose a violation of the Convention in the light of its findings in Tomov and Others (cited above, §§ 143-56). APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 14.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Pukhachev and Zaretskiy v. Russia, nos.   17494/16 and 29203/16, 16 November 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16   September 2022; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during transport; Holds that there has been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention, taken in conjunction with Article 3, in respect of the applicants who relied on that provision (see the appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 26 October 2023, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Péter Paczolay   Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention during transport) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Means of transport Start and end date Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Other complaints under well ‑ established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non ‑ pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     5261/19 21/12/2018 Andrey Vladimirovich PENKOVTSEV 1981     van, train 15/07/2018 to 16/07/2018 0.35 m²     insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet     1,000     5741/19 12/03/2019 Aleksandr Mikhaylovich SAPOZHNIKOV 1994     train 14/11/2018 to 15/11/2018 0.15 m²         Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000     6530/19 11/12/2018 Grigoriy Vasilyevich SHCHEPETOV 1989     van, numerous occasions of transport between detention facilities and the courthouse 06/09/2017 to 21/11/2018 0.2 m²     lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or insufficient electric light   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000     7855/19 09/01/2019 Oleg Alekseyevich CHEREDNICHENKO 1981     train, transit cell 28/09/2018 to 12/11/2018   overcrowding     1,000     8948/19 30/01/2019 Varazdat Artemovich AGEKYAN 1994     van / train (Moscow - Nizhniy Novgorod) 09/11/2018 to 27/12/2018   overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet     1,000     11136/19 22/03/2019 Nikolay Sergeyevich YAKUNENKO 1986     van, train 19/03/2019 to 20/03/2019       train 28/01/2020 to 26/02/2020 ˂0.5 m²           0.3 m²     overcrowding, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to toilet   overcrowding, applicant transported on numerous occasions, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack or inadequate furniture, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000     11411/19 03/02/2019 Kirill Aleksandrovich NIKOLAYEV 1986 Yevgeniy Yevgenyevich Loginov St Petersburg van 24/03/2017 to 14/12/2018 0.3 m²     lack of fresh air   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000     11500/19 22/02/2019 Ruslan Anatolyevich PODGORNYY 1971 Aleksey Mikhaylovich Urlashov St Petersburg van 21/09/2017 to 22/08/2018 0.3 m²     lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport   1,000     11674/19 05/02/2019 Vitaliy Afanasyevich KUTSAR 1974 Marat Farukovich Mazitov Moscow van 20/12/2017 to 07/09/2018 0.26 m²     lack of fresh air, overcrowding, passive smoking   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   11695/19 28/01/2019 Vladimir Vladimirovich MATVIYENKO 1988     van 31/10/2018 to 31/10/2018     train 31/10/2018 to 31/10/2018 0.25-0.3 m²         0.43 m²     overcrowding, lack of safety belts, lack of handrails, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient electric light     overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   12306/19 28/01/2019 Aleksandr Nikolayevich YEROFEYEV 1989 Yelena Vladislavovna Chernyak St Petersburg van 06/12/2017 to 17/08/2018   no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding     1,000   12960/19 18/02/2019 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich SORCHIK 1992     train 19/10/2018 to 20/10/2018   insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding     1,000   14054/19 24/02/2019 Petr Vladimirovich MAZNYAK 1985     transit cell, van 14/01/2019 to 24/09/2019 0.4 m²     overcrowding, no or restricted access to running water, lack or insufficient quantity of food, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   14670/19 22/04/2019 Pavel Nikolayevich KRASNOPEROV 1961     train 12/03/2019 to 04/04/2019 0.2 m²     no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, overcrowding     1,000   15285/19 28/05/2019 Vladimir Yevgenyevich PARFENOV 1970       train 12/02/2019 to 13/02/2019 0.15 m²     insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet     1,000   16851/19 27/02/2019 Yevgeniy Nikolayevich ZABOYEV 1987     train 03/12/2018 to 03/12/2018   train 19/12/2018 to 19/12/2018   train 01/02/2019 to 01/02/2019 0.28 m²     overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, passive smoking   overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water   overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   17652/19 16/05/2019 Ilya Vakilyevich FARSIYEV 1986     train, transit cell 17/11/2018 to 06/02/2019   insufficient number of sleeping places, lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to potable water   1,000   21953/19 04/04/2019 Nikolay Nikolayevich SKRYPNIKOV 1971 Valentina Aleksandrovna Bokareva Strasbourg van, transit cell 05/03/2017 to 05/10/2018 0.33 m²     overcrowding, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to potable water, no handrails in vans, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to running water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   23832/19 15/03/2019 Fidan Firazovich SAITGALIN 1983     van 08/09/2015 to 25/12/2018   lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   24075/19 18/04/2019 Pavel Aleksandrovich YEFIMENKO 1990     van 25/03/2019 to 25/03/2019 0.2 m²     overcrowding, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet     1,000   24145/19 19/04/2019 Artem Sergeyevich VORONOV 1989     van (Reutov Garrison Military Court - IVS Balashikha - SIZO-1 Noginsk - Yaroslavskiy railway station Moscow) 11/01/2019 to 18/02/2019   train (Moscow - Nizhniy Novgorod) 19/02/2019 to 20/02/2019   overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, cramped individual compartment ("glass"), lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature             no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   25389/19 29/04/2019 Sergey Yevgenyevich REZCHIKOV 1980     train, van 05/07/2018 to 23/02/2019           train 15/06/2019 to 17/06/2019   insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack or insufficient quantity of food, overcrowding, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, constant electric light, lack or inadequate furniture, passive smoking   insufficient number of sleeping places, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of privacy for toilet, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to potable water Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   25391/19 02/05/2019 Armen Mikhaylovich AVETISYAN 1978     train 03/11/2018 to 04/11/2018     train 25/03/2019 to 26/03/2019     train 28/03/2019 to 28/03/2019 0.4 m²         0.4 m²         0.4 m²     overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water   overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water   overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water   1,000   26112/19 18/04/2019 Vitaliy Vladimirovich ASTAKHOV 1978     transit cell, van, numerous occasions of transport between the detention facility and the courthouse 23/08/2018 to 17/04/2019   overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, passive smoking, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, insufficient number of sitting places, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient electric light   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   26445/19 17/04/2019 Oleg Pavlovich PETROV 1974     van 11/01/2019 to 27/02/2019         0.3 m²     overcrowding, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to potable water     1,000   38514/19 22/06/2019 Mikhail Sergeyevich REMORENKO 1980     train, transit cell, van 28/03/2017 to 22/05/2019   applicant transported on numerous occasions, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, overcrowding, passive smoking, poor quality of food Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   38700/19 02/07/2019 Gadzhi Khadzhimuradovich MAGOMEDOV 1991     train, transit cell, van 20/03/2019 to 05/04/2019   lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, inadequate temperature, overcrowding Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000   38725/19 04/07/2019 Aleksey Sergeyevich CHERNYSHEV 1992     train 03/03/2019 to 04/03/2019     train 24/03/2019 to 25/03/2019     train 28/03/2019 to 29/03/2019 0.4 m²         0.4 m²         0.4 m²     overcrowding, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, insufficient number of sleeping places   insufficient number of sleeping places, overcrowding, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air     insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, overcrowding, passive smoking   1,000   43038/19 29/07/2019 Dmitriy Sergeyevich LEBEDEV 1980     van, train 16/02/2019 to 25/02/2019   overcrowding, lack of ventilation, lack of or insufficient electric light, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, numerous occasions of transport, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport   1,000   59469/19 14/06/2019 Vladislav Aleksandrovich SYROVATSKIY 1993     van 23/06/2018 to 10/01/2019 <0.5 m²       overcrowding, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport     1,000   20629/20 21/05/2020 Vyacheslav Viktorovich KAZANTSEV 1966 Dmitriy Olegovich Belov Moscow van 12/12/2019 to 16/12/2019 0.2-0.3 m²     overcrowding, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport 1,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.