CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 23 novembre 2023

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 26870/19 and 24 others – see appended list)           JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 23 November 2023       This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Andreyev and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Branko Lubarda , President ,   Armen Harutyunyan,   Ana Maria Guerra Martins , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 2 November 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings. In some applications the applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2 others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 of the Convention 7.     The applicants complained principally of the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative ‑ offence proceedings. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention. 8.     In the leading case of Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, 20 September 2016, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. 9.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   6 § 1 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 10.     In some applications the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia , no.   5865/07, §§   63-65, 13   February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos.   54381/08 and 5   others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, Korneyeva v.   Russia , no.   72051/17, §§   34-36, 8 October 2019, and Teslenko and Others v. Russia , nos. 49588/12 and 3 others, §§ 72-74 and 81-82, 5 April 2022, concerning various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 11.     Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 12.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Kuratov and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos.   24377/15 and 2 others, 22 October 2019), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants’ complaints as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 23 November 2023, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Branko Lubarda   ActingDeputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention (lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Penalty Date of final domestic decision Name of court Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     26870/19 08/05/2019 Sergey Yuryevich ANDREYEV 1977     suspension of the driving licence for 1   year 22/11/2018, Leninskiy District Court of Tula   1,000     50285/19 10/09/2019 Ivan Mikhaylovich KASHNIKOV 1978 Andrey Pavlovich Mitrofanov Gornyak administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 6 months 17/05/2019, Loktevskiy District Court of Gornyak   1,000     576/20 14/12/2019 Aleksandr Vladimirovich ROMANOV 1982 Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000,     administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of driving licence for 1 year and 6   months 31/07/2020,   Volskiy District Court of the Saratov Region   06/12/2019, Volskiy District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000     773/20 10/12/2019 Andrey Vasilyevich YELKHOV 1970 Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 10   months     02/12/2019, Volskiy District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000     5278/20 31/12/2019 Kristina Valeryevna OGANYAN 1995 Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1 year and 8   months 20/12/2019, Volskiy District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000     6963/20 28/01/2020 Kamil Danilevich RAKHIMOV 1994 Lawyers of former Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow administrative detention of 10   days 06/08/2019, Moscow City Court Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - on 27/07/2019 the applicant was taken to a police station as an administrative suspect: no evidence/assessment that it was impracticable, on the spot, to compile the offence record (Art. 27.2 §   1 CAO) and achieve the objectives set out in Art. 27.1 CAO, e.g. to establish the suspect’s identity Detention as an administrative suspect: beyond the 48-hour statutory period (Art. 27.5(3)-(4) and Art.   29.6(4) CAO). Detention as an administrative suspect: beyond the three-hour statutory period (Art. 27.5(1)-(4) CAO) 3,900     13020/20 25/02/2020 Sergey Vladimirovich LATYSHEV 1985 Andrey Olegovich Valenkov Nizhniy Novgorod administrative fine of RUB 350,000 30/10/2019, Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court   1,000     11456/21 29/01/2021 Vladimir Mikhaylovich MITROFANOV 1999     administrative fine of RUB 30,000 29/07/2020, Angarsk Town Court of the Irkutsk Region   1,000     13203/21 13/02/2021 Oleg Yuryevich ADAYEV 1974 Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000 29/01/2021, Volsky District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000   20575/21 15/03/2021 Ruslan Nikolayevich UKHANOV 1981 Yevgeniy Valeryevich Kulakov Arkhangelsk administrative fine of RUB 1,000 12/02/2021, Solombalskiy District Court of Arkhangelsk   1,000   23083/21 12/04/2021 Vladimir Vladimirovich BARABANOV 1967 Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Pomazuyev Vilnius administrative fine of RUB 10,000, administrative fine of RUB 1,000 16/03/2021, Bryansk Regional Court Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - arrest and detention for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence. The applicant was arrested on 31 January 2021 and was brought to the police station 3,900   24870/21 18/04/2021 Dmitriy Valeryevich YEGOROV 1981 Innokentiy Valeryevich Yegorov Yakutsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 6   months 19/10/2020,   Yakutsk Town Court, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)   1,000   27156/21 05/05/2021 Fakhrad Sardarovich SHISHKOV 1972 Nikolay Sergeyevich Zboroshenko Mytishchi administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 18   months 17/11/2020, Khoroshevskiy District Court of Moscow   1,000   32129/21 31/05/2021 Yuriy Sergeyevich LOBUREV 1987 Andrey Olegovich Valenkov Nizhniy Novgorod suspension of the driving licence, administrative fine of RUB 30,000 01/12/2020, Kanavinskiy District Court of Nizhniy Novgorod   1,000   34968/21 15/06/2021 Denis Mikhaylovich BAKUSHIN 1982     administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 8 months   28/05/2021, Konoshskiy District Court of the Astrakhan Region   1,000   34983/21 30/06/2021 Sergey Viktorovich ASTAKHIN 1967     administrative fine of RUB 5,000 02/03/2021, Kirishi Town Court of the Leningrad Region   1,000   36848/21 05/07/2021 Andrey Vasilyevich PODPASKOV 1985     administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 6   months 04/06/2021,   Zavodskoy District Court of Saratov   1,000   43821/21 12/08/2021 Marina Viktorovna ROMANOVA 1984     administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 8   months 12/02/2021, Tushinskiy District Court of Moscow   1,000   44368/21 17/08/2021 Aleksey Yuryevich LOGUNOV 1990 Yevgeniy Maksimovich MARTYNOV 2000   Nikolay Sergeyevich Zboroshenko Mytishchi administrative fine of RUB 10,000 to each applicant 16/04/2021, Moscow City Court Art. 5 (1) - unlawful pre-trial detention - applicants were taken to the police station on 31/01/2021 as administrative suspects: no evidence/assessment that it was impracticable, on the spot, to compile the offence record (Art. 27.2 § 1 CAO) and achieve the objectives set out in Art. 27.1 CAO, e.g. to establish the suspect’s identity; Detention as administrative suspects on 31/01/2021 beyond the three-hour statutory period (Art. 27.5(1)-(4) CAO) 3,900   44387/21 16/08/2021 Aleksandr Mikhaylovich BORISOV 1990     administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 2   years 12/08/2021, Shipunovsky District Court of the Altay Region   1,000   45000/21 21/08/2021 Dmitriy Anatolyevich ROMANOV 1976 Vologin Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk suspension of the driving licence for a year and 6 months, administrative fine of RUB 30,000 18/08/2021, Volsk District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000   50265/21 27/09/2021 Mikhail Yulianovich SELITSKIY 1994     administrative detention of 5 days 29/03/2021, Rostov Regional Court   1,000   51716/21 01/10/2021 Vladimir Vladimirovich PALYULIN 1984 Oksana Gennadyevna Olgerdt Moscow administrative detention of 12 days 02/04/2021, Moscow City Court Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty, including unrecorded detention and detention without a judicial order and any other legal basis - applicant was taken to the police station as an administrative suspect: no evidence/assessment that it was impracticable, on the spot, to compile the offence record (Art.   27.2 § 1 CAO) and achieve the objectives set out in Art. 27.1 CAO, e.g. to establish the suspect’s identity. Detention as an administrative suspect: the applicant remained in detention after the offence record had been compiled 3,900   54386/21 08/10/2021 Rostislav Sergeyevich DEDYUK 1972     suspension of the hunting licence for 12   months 14/04/2021, Kirov Town Court of the Leningrad Region   1,000   54842/21 16/10/2021 Konstantin Aleksandrovich ARKHANGELSKIY 1979 Aleksey Borisovich Vologin Volsk administrative fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1   year and 6   months 29/09/2021, Balakovskiy District Court of the Saratov Region   1,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.