CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 22 février 2024

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 25870/21 and 28 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 22 February 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Gryazev and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   María Elósegui , President ,   Mattias Guyomar,   Kateřina Šimáčková , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 1 February 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The applicants were represented by Mr. N. S. Zboroshenko, a lawyer practising in Mytishchi. 3.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 4.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 5.     The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. They also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 6.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 7.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2   others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17   January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   11 OF THE CONVENTION 8.     The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article   11 of the Convention. 9.     The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v.   Lithuania [GC], no.   37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v.   Turkey , no.   74552/01, ECHR   2006 ‑ XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v.   Moldova , no.   33482/06, 31   March 2009). 10.     In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014, and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 11.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 12.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 13.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 14.     Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia , no.   5865/07, §§   63-65, 13   February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos.   54381/08 and   5   others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v.   Russia , no.   72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia , no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO); and Korneyeva , cited above, §§ 62-65 as to the right of the organisers or participants of public assemblies not to be tried and punished twice for the same offence. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 15.     Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Article   6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of fairness of the administrative ‑ offence proceedings. In view of the findings in paragraphs 12 and 14 above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 16.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos.   25809/17 and 14 others, §   22, 4   October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants’ complaints as they relate to the facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article   11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and decides that it is not necessary to examine separately the other aspects of the complaints raised by some applicants under Article   6 of the Convention; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   11 of the Convention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 22 February 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Viktoriya Maradudina   María Elósegui   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Name of the public event Location Date Administrative charges Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros) [1]     25870/21 01/05/2021 Vladimir Aleksandrovich GRYAZEV 1993 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     25879/21 01/05/2021 German Gennadyevich GUROV 1971 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     25925/21 01/05/2021 Aleksey Andreyevich STAVTSEV 1990 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     25926/21 01/05/2021 Vasiliy Nikolayevich FILATOV 1987 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     25927/21 01/05/2021 Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich SOROKIN 1988 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     25931/21 07/05/2021 Sergey Alekseyevich OSHCHEPKOV 1999 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 05/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     26045/21 01/05/2021 Petr Aleksandrovich KOLOBAYEV 1999 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - unlawful deprivation of liberty– arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial and after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     26704/21 01/05/2021 Yegor Vyacheslavovich BITINKOV 2020 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 8   days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     26787/21 01/05/2021 Aleksandr Yevgenyevich BOGACHEV 2000 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   27834/21 01/05/2021 Mikhail Aleksandrovich NAYDANOV 1986 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 29/01/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 23/01/2021 and 25/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   28173/21 11/05/2021 Sofya Mikhaylovna BYKOVA 1995 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 5   days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 02/02/2021 and 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   28180/21 11/05/2021 Grigoriy Aleksandrovich VAYSBERG 2000 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 8   days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 02/02/2021 and 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   35656/21 25/06/2021 Marianna Yuryevna ZHUKOVA   Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 02/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   35657/21 25/06/2021 Yelizaveta Alekseyevna POVYSHEVA 2000 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 22/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   35660/21 25/06/2021 Polina Yevgenyevna SKURATOVICH 1997 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 22/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   5,000   35664/21 25/06/2021 Nadezhda Dmitriyevna TOKMAKOVA 1997 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 22/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   35938/21 25/06/2021 Yelizaveta Igorevna FROLOVA 1996 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 11/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   35944/21 25/06/2021 Yuliya Sergeyevna YANCHENKO 1997 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12   days Moscow City Court 24/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings . 5,000   35947/21 25/06/2021 Aleksandra Vyacheslavovna SHALIMOVA 1997 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 22/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   36271/21 19/05/2021 Sergey Yuryevich SOLONICHENKO 1978 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy     Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 05/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   37784/21 01/07/2021 Mikhail Andreyevich KIM 2002 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   37790/21 01/07/2021 Andrey Olegovich PICHUGIN 2002 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial and after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   37792/21 01/07/2021 Yevgeniya Olegovna RUMYANTSEVA 1999 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 16/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   37794/21 01/07/2021 Ruslan Sergeyevich CHAPLYGIN 1986 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 10/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   42351/21 07/05/2021 Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich KOZHEVNIKOV 1996 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 05/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   44149/21 18/08/2021 Nikota Olegovich BEZRUKOV 1997 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow,   31/01/2021     article 20.2 § 5 of CAO       and       article 19.3 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB   20,000       and       administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 09/07/2021     and       Moscow City Court 26/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) (c) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - both sets of proceedings   Prot. 7 Art. 4 - right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings - conviction in the two separate sets of proceedings, under Articles 19.3 and 20.2 § 5 of the CAO, on account of participation in the same public event - overlap of the facts constituting the basis for the applicant’s prosecution in the second set of proceedings with substantially the same facts underlying his conviction in the first set of proceedings 5,000   44372/21 17/08/2021 Stepan Vyacheslavovich VAZHENKOV 2001 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 16/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - raised on appeal     4,000   47450/21 04/09/2021 Anna Aleksandrovna FOMINA 1986 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000   Moscow City Court 03/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   49590/21 21/09/2021 Sergey Lvovich ANDREYEV 1974 Rally in support of A.   Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   20,000 Moscow City Court 14/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.