CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 11 avril 2024

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 47699/19 and 25 others – see appended list)           JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 11 April 2024     This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Khatypov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Lətif Hüseynov , President ,   Ivana Jelić,   Erik Wennerström , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 21 March 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table 2.     The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. Jurisdiction 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 8 of the Convention 7 .     The applicants complained principally of the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 8 of the Convention. 8.     The Court has already established, in an earlier case against Russia, that the national legal framework governing the placement of detainees under permanent video surveillance in penal institutions falls short of the standards set out in Article   8 of the Convention (see Gorlov and Others v.   Russia (nos.   27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019). In Gorlov and Others , the Court summed up the general principles concerning the detainees’ right to respect for private life reiterating that placing a person under permanent video surveillance whilst in detention was to be regarded as a serious interference with the individual’s right to respect for his or her privacy (ibid., §§   81-82). It has further concluded that the national law cannot be regarded as being sufficiently clear, precise or detailed to have afforded appropriate protection against arbitrary interference by the authorities with the detainees’ right to respect of their private life (ibid., §§   97-98). 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. It considers, regard being had to the case-law cited above, that in the instant case the placement of the applicants under permanent video surveillance when confined to their cells in pre-trial and post-conviction detention facilities was not “in accordance with law”. 10 .     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   8 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11 .     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see the appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill ‑ founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well-established case-law (see, among other authorities, Gorlov and Others, cited above, concerning the absence of an effective domestic remedy to complain about permanent video surveillance in detention facilities; Sergey Babushkin v. Russia , no. 5993/08, 28   November 2013, concerning inadequate conditions of post-conviction detention; Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos.   32541/08 and 43441/08, §§ 113-39, ECHR 2014 (extracts), concerning placement in a metal cage in a courtroom during criminal proceedings; Sergey Babushkin v. Russia , no. 5993/08, 28   November 2013, concerning inadequate conditions of post-conviction detention and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect; Dirdizov v. Russia , no. 41461/10, §§   101-11, 27 November 2012, concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention; Idalov v. Russia [GC], no.   5826/03, §§ 103-08 and 154-58, 22 May 2012, and Tomov and Others v.   Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§   92 ‑ 156, 9 April 2019, concerning inadequate conditions of transport and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect). 12.     In view of the above findings, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with the complaints lodged by the applicants (applications nos.   47699/19 and 52653/20) under Article   13 of the Convention in respect of their placement in a metal cage in the courtroom (compare Valyuzhenich v. Russia , no.   10597/13, § 27, 26   March 2019). APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.     Regard being had to the Court’s case ‑ law (see Gorlov and Others , cited above, § 120, with further references, which imposed on the respondent State a legal obligation, under Article   46 of the Convention, to implement, under the supervision of the Committee of Ministers, such measures as they consider appropriate to secure the right of the applicants and other persons in their position to respect of their private life), the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes a sufficient just satisfaction in the present case in respect of the violation of Article 8 of the Convention established by it (see paragraphs 7-10 above). As to the remainder of the issues examined and regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see paragraph 11 above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16   September 2022; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 8 of the Convention concerning the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see the appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 April 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Lətif Hüseynov   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 8 § 1 of the Convention (permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Detention facility Period of detention Specific circumstances Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     47699/19 08/08/2019 Artem Kamilyevich KHATYPOV 1990 SIZO-1 Komi Republic, IK-1 Komi Republic 06/05/2021 - 15/07/2021   11/11/2020 - 11/02/2021 detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room, opposite-sex operators Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - On 24/05/2021 the applicant was placed in a metal cage while he participated in a court hearing by means of a video link (the complaint was introduced on 08/06/2021);   Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - poor conditions of detention during transport by vans, trains on several occasions between 14/06/2019 -06/08/2020: insufficient number of sleeping places, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet;   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities 8,500     34096/20 04/06/2021 Dzharakhudzha Safarkhudzhayevich ABDULLOYEV 1987 IK-42 Krasnoyarsk Region 11/04/2019-18/02/2021 detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -     44448/20 05/10/2020 Artem Dmitriyevich PASICHENKO 1997 SIZO-1 St Petersburg 16/07/2020 - 16/01/2021 opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - Transport by train from Bryansk to St Petersburg from 29 to 30/06/2020; lack or insufficient quality of food; in the letter received by the Court on 16/03/2021 the applicant complains about transportation on 16/01/2021 (St   Petersburg - Vologda by train), 27/01/2021 (Vologda - Kirov by train), 06/02/2021 (2   hours in a van and Kirov - Yekaterinburg by train) raising overcrowding, passive smoking, lack of heating and ventilation;   Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - placement in a metal cage during court hearings at 224th Garrison Military Court during 30/06/2020 - 11/08/2020 8,500     47007/20 17/03/2021 Dmitriy Viktorovich LEBEDINTSEV 1975 IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region 19/02/2020- pending on the date when the application was lodged with the Court detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators   -     52653/20 11/01/2021 Sergey Nikolayevich BUSHMANOV 1984 IZ-1 St. Petersburg, psychiatric hospital no.   6 of St   Petersburg 25/03/2020 - – pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - detention in a metal cage in the hearings from the Vyborgskiy District Court of St Petersburg between 25/03/2020 and 18/11/2020;   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities;   Art. 5 (3) - excessive length of pre-trial detention - excessive length of pre ‑ trial detention from 23/03/2020 – pending as of 16/09/2022 (latest statement of appeal submitted was lodged on 25/09/2020) 9,750     55752/20 14/01/2021 Timur Amrailovich ALLAKHVERDIYEV 1991 IK-31 Komi Republic 20/04/2020-20/02/2021 opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -     9356/21 19/07/2021 Aleksey Vladimirovich TASKIN 1985 IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region 29/06/2019 – pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention after conviction - IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region, form 29/06/2016 to 17/03/2021, personal space 3.33   sq. m, 170 inmates in a brigade, 5 toilets, bunk beds, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding;   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities and in respect of inadequate conditions during transport   Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - van, on numerous occasions from 17/03/2021 to 12/04/2021, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet 2,500     22252/21 14/04/2021 Artur Rafikovich RAGIMOV 1986 IK-18 Yamalo-Nenetskiy Region, IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 17/11/2006-pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -     30954/21 14/05/2021 Shakhban Sultanovich GERIMSULTANOV 1971 IK-25 Komi Republic 01/01/2020- pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   30974/21 14/05/2021 Abdurauf Ravshanovich SUVANOV 1990 IK-25 Komi Republic 16/09/2020- pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room, opposite-sex operators     Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   30976/21 10/05/2021 Narkuzi Abdusattarovich ANARKULOV 1976 IK-25 Komi Republic 01/06/2019- pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   31272/21 26/05/2021 Asliddin Talabshoyevich NAZAROV 1988 IK-25 Komi Republic 2010 – pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   31584/21 24/07/2021 Oleg Yuryevich BOCHAROV 1981 IK-49 Komi Republic 18/08/2016 - 01/11/2021 opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   32736/21 28/05/2021 Aleksey Viktorovich BOGDANOV 1974 IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 26/06/2019 – pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - Placement in a metal cage during the hearings (via video ‑ link) in Sol-Iletskiy and Leninskiy District Courts of Orenburg from 04/02/2021 to 15/07/2021;     Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities 8,500   34147/21 20/08/2021 Kirill Gennadyevich PERMINOV 1992 IK-25 Komi Republic 21/05/2018-pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room   -   43124/21 22/04/2021 Stanislav Olegovich MARTYNENKO 1984 IK-25 Komi Republic 18/12/2019 – pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   43535/21 09/08/2021 Vitaliy Gennadyevich SHMONIN 1987 IK-19 Komi Republic 09/08/2021 – pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room   -   43732/21 11/08/2021 Aleksandr Nikolayevich MILEKHIN 1995 IK-25 Komi Republic 17/12/2017-pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, disciplinary cells Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   43749/21 06/08/2021 Vitaliy Yuryevich SAFONOV 1982 IK-49 Komi Republic 02/03/2017- pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   43899/21 11/08/2021 Arayk Ashotovich TARPOSHYAN 1987 IK-25 Komi Republic 15/04/2018 - 27/03/2021 detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   10311/22 18/03/2022 Sergey Nikolayevich MIGUNOV 1973 FKU Prison Krasnoyarsk Region 08/10/2021-pending as of 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   10647/22 01/02/2022 Vadim Mikhaylovich ROZANOV 1977 SIZO-1 St Petersburg 18/05/2021 - 05/01/2022 video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities and in respect of the inadequate conditions during transport;   Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - multiple transfers between the remand prison and the courthouse between 15/05/2021 and 06/12/2021 in an overcrowded van. Transfers lasted 2   to 4 hours 1,000   10679/22 25/01/2022 Gamzat Umarovich ABDUSAMADOV 1991 IK-31 Komi Republic 11/05/2017-25/01/2022 opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   11652/22 16/02/2022 Vasiliy Alekseyevich FRANCHUK 1987 IK-29 Kirov Region October 2020 - September 2021 opposite-sex operators, video surveillance in a lavatory and/or shower room Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   11736/22 16/02/2022 Mikhail Andreyevich SEMYKIN 1990 IK-29 Kirov Region 03/08/2017-pending as of 16/09/2022 detention in different cells with video surveillance, opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -   13219/22 09/02/2022 Oleg Olegovich LYUSHENKO 1988 IVS Vyshny Volochyok, SIZO-1 Tver Region, SIZO-1 Yaroslavl 10/12/2019- 08/11/2021 opposite-sex operators Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities -     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.