CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 11 avril 2024

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margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; font-size:12pt } .sB853CD26 { font-family:Arial; font-size:8pt } .sF6A12959 { width:33%; height:1px; text-align:left } .s85226119 { margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; font-size:10pt } .s653E6C45 { font-family:Arial; font-size:6.67pt; vertical-align:super; color:#0069d6 }     FOURTH SECTION CASE OF LINGURAR AND OTHERS v. ROMANIA (Application no. 59428/16 and 4 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 11 April 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Lingurar and Others v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Branko Lubarda , President ,   Anne Louise Bormann,   Sebastian Răduleţu , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 21 March 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Romania lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Romanian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants mainly complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention. 7.   As regards the admissibility of all applications, the Government argued that the applicants had failed to exhaust the available effective remedies for the complaints about the inadequate conditions of their detention, as an action in tort was an effective remedy for grievances similar to those of the applicants, allowing them to have the violation of the Convention acknowledged, either explicitly or in substance, and to receive adequate and sufficient compensation at the domestic level, and invited the Court to declare these applications inadmissible. 8.     The Court recalls that in Polgar v.   Romania , no.   39412/19, §§   94 ‑ 96, 20   July 2021, it held that an action in tort, based on Articles   1349 and 1357 of the Romanian Civil Code, as interpreted consistently by the national courts, had represented since 13 January 2021 an effective remedy for individuals who considered that they had been subjected to inadequate conditions of detention and who were no longer held in conditions that were allegedly contrary to the Convention (see also Vlad v.   Romania , (dec.), no.   122/17, §§   30 ‑ 33, 15 November 2022). 9.     The Court notes that, in applications nos.   9733/17 and 34031/18, the applicants were transferred after 13 January 2021 for periods longer than eight days (see, mutatis mutandis , Cloşcă and Others v.   Romania , nos.   54609/15 and 2 others, §§ 11 and 13, 8 October 2020) to detention facilities about which they did not raise any complaints. Subsequently, they were transferred to detention facilities where they had been held again in conditions that were allegedly contrary to the Convention (see the appended table for further details). 10.     Since the applicants temporarily ceased to be held in conditions of detention that were allegedly contrary to the Convention after the moment when the tort action had been considered as representing an effective remedy (see, mutatis   mutandis , Polgar , § 96 and Vlad , § 23, both cited above), but did not inform the Court of having brought such an action before the domestic courts in respect of their detention (i)   from 18   February   2006 to 30   March 2021, as regards the applicant in application no.   9733/17, and (ii)   from 2   March   2018 to 1   March   2022, as regards the applicant in application no.   34031/18, the Court accepts the Government’s objection and finds that the applicants’ complaints related to these periods of detention must be dismissed for failure to exhaust domestic remedies. 11.     Turning to the remaining periods of all the applicants’ detention the details of which are indicated in the appended table, the applicants either ceased to be held in conditions that were allegedly contrary to the Convention before 13 January 2021 or continue to be held in such conditions. Therefore, the Court dismisses the Government’s objection as to the non-exhaustion of domestic remedies and finds that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective domestic remedy for their grievances considering their situations. 12.     As regards the admissibility of applications nos.   59428/16, 9733/17, 34031/18 and 21525/20, the Government raised a preliminary objection concerning loss of the victim status by the applicants for certain periods of detention because they were afforded adequate redress based on Law   no.   169/2017 amending and completing Law   no.   254/2013 on the execution of sentences for those specific periods of detention. 13.     The Court notes that the domestic remedy introduced in respect of the inadequate conditions of detention in Romania and applicable until December   2019 was held to be an effective one in the case of Dîrjan and   Ştefan v.   Romania (dec.), nos. 14224/15 and 50977/15, §§   23 ‑ 33, 15   April 2020. 14.     As regards applications nos.   59428/16 and 21525/20, in the light of all the material in its possession, the Court finds that this remedy was available to the abovementioned applicants, and they were, indeed, afforded adequate redress for certain periods of detention (for details see the appended table). 15.     Therefore, the Court accepts the Government’s objection and finds that certain parts of applications nos.   59428/16 and 21525/20 (for the relevant details see the appended table) are incompatible ratione personae with the provisions of the Convention and must be declared inadmissible in accordance with Article 35 §§ 3 (a) and 4 of the Convention. 16.     As regards applications nos.   9733/17 and 34031/18, since it has already upheld the Government’s objection on the non ‑ exhaustion of domestic remedies (see paragraph 10 above), the Court does not consider it necessary to further examine the question of incompatibility ratione   personae with the provisions of the Convention. 17.     Turning to the remaining periods of the applicants’ detention the details of which are indicated in the appended table,   the Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no.   7334/13, §§   96 ‑ 101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić , cited above, §§   122 ‑ 41, and Ananyev and Others v.   Russia , nos.   42525/07 and 60800/08, §§   149 ‑ 59, 10   January 2012). 18.     In the leading case of Rezmiveș and Others v.   Romania, nos.   61467/12 and 3   others, 25   April 2017, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 19.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case ‑ law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table were inadequate. 20.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article   3 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 21.     In application no.   59428/16, the applicant also raised complaints under Article   9 of the Convention. 22.     The Court has examined these complaints and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles   34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. 23.     It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article   35   §   4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 24.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Rezmiveș and Others , cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention, for the periods indicated in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of the applications inadmissible; Holds that there has been a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 April 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Viktoriya Maradudina   Branko Lubarda   Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article   3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Domestic compensation awarded (in days) based on total period calculated by national authorities Amount awarded for pecuniary and non ‑ pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     59428/16 01/11/2016 Crăciun LINGURAR 1970     Arad County Police Station; Arad Prison 30/03/2012 to 14/12/2012 8 month(s) and 15   day(s)   Arad Prison 02/09/2013 to 06/02/2014 5 month(s) and 5   day(s)   Arad Prison 14/02/2014 to 02/11/2017 3 year(s) and 8   month(s) and 20   day(s) Gherla Prison 24/12/2019 to 29/01/2020 1 month(s) and 6   day(s) Gherla Prison 22/02/2020 to 19/08/2020 5 month(s) and 29   day(s) -             -           -             2.17   m 2       2.39   m 2 overcrowding (only for certain periods spent in Gherla Prison) no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, poor quality of food 204 days in compensation for a total period of detention spent in inadequate conditions from 24/07/2012 to 23/12/2019 (except for the periods shown in column no.   5, and those spent in transit and in prison hospitals about which he did not complain) 5,000     9733/17 19/04/2017 Dumitru LUNGU 1970     Bistrița Prison   13/04/2021 pending   More than 2   year(s) and 7   month(s) and 19   day(s) 2.90   m 2 overcrowding (save for 13/04/2021 - 15/04/2021) mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or restricted access to leisure or educational activities, poor quality of food, lack or inadequate furniture, bunk beds   3,000     34031/18 04/10/2018 Alexandru ‑ Andrei GOGU 1991 Cezara ‑ Maria Nichita-Costescu Timișoara Arad Prison   31/05/2022 pending   More than 1   year(s) and 6   month(s) and 2   day(s) -     no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of toiletries, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack or inadequate furniture   3,000     21525/20 16/07/2020 Gheorghe ‑ Adrian FUNDĂCESCU 1998     Aiud and Arad Prisons 23/12/2019 pending More than 3   year(s) and 11   month(s) and 9   day(s) 2.55 - 2.90   m 2 overcrowding (only for 11/02/2020 - 24/02/2020; 08/07/2021 - 09/07/2021) mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water 198 days in compensation for a total period of detention spent in inadequate conditions from 20/01/2017 to 22/12/2019 (except for the periods spent in a prison hospital about which he did not complain) 3,000     49448/20 10/02/2021 Florian   Ovidiu GERGELY 1980     Miercurea Ciuc, Aiud, Gherla and Oradea Prisons   25/12/2019 28/02/2023   3 year(s) and 2   month(s) and 4   day(s)   The applicant continues being held in detention in allegedly poor conditions of detention after 28/02/2023, but such period is not subject of the present application. 2.08 - 2.37   m 2 overcrowding (only for 22/06/2020 - 01/11/2021) lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient natural light, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food   3,000   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.