CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 25 avril 2024

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 2064/18 and 12 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 25 April 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Nelyubin and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Peeter Roosma , President ,   Ioannis Ktistakis,   Andreas Zünd , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 4 April 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. They also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2 others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17   January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   11 OF THE CONVENTION 7.     The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article   11 of the Convention. 8.     The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v.   Lithuania [GC], no.   37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v.   Turkey , no.   74552/01, ECHR   2006 ‑ XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v.   Moldova , no.   33482/06, 31   March 2009). 9.     In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014, and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 11.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 13.     Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia , no.   5865/07, §§   63-65, 13   February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos.   54381/08 and 5   others, §§ 115-31, 10   April 2018, and Korneyeva v.   Russia , no.   72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8   October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia , no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20   September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences; Martynyuk v.   Russia , no.   13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention; and Korneyeva , cited above, §§ 62-65 as to the right of the organisers or participants of public assemblies not to be tried and punished twice for the same offence. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.     Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Article 6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of fairness of the administrative ‑ offence proceedings. In view of the findings in the above paragraphs, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos.   25809/17 and 14 others, §   22, 4   October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16   September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints under Article 6 of the Convention; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   11 of the Convention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 25 April 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Peeter Roosma   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative / criminal offence Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non ‑ pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     2064/18 11/12/2017 Valeriy Georgiyevich NELYUBIN 1947 Pyshkin Valentin Valentinovich St Petersburg Opposition rally   St Petersburg   29/04/2017 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 St   Petersburg City Court 04/07/2017   3,500     48440/19 05/09/2019 Dmitriy Yuryevich SEKUSHIN 1973 Sholokhov Igor Nikolayevich Kazan Environmental issues rally   Arkhangelsk   07/04/2019 article 20.2 § 8 of CAO fines of RUB 200,000   and RUB 200,000 Arkhangelsk Regional Court 04/07/2019 and 07/05/2019 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings: two sets of proceedings, final decision by the Arkhangelsk Regional Court on 07/05/2019 and 04/07/2019;   Prot. 7 Art. 4 - right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings - separate prosecutions under A20.2 CAO for one “hybrid” event 7,500     56348/21 15/10/2021 Vladimir Sergeyevich KOTOV 1981 Vlasov Aleksey Valeryevich Tula Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Tula   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 13,000 Tula Regional Court 01/04/2021 (decision received on 15/04/2021)   Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000     56417/21 23/10/2021 Alina Aleksandrovna STEPANOVA 2001 Popkov Aleksandr Vasilyevich Sochi Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Sochi   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 2 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Krasnodar Regional Court 26/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000     56508/21 28/10/2021 Anastasiya Vladimirovna SENYUSHKINA 2000 Vasilyev Aleksey Alekseyevich Moscow Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 28/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty- escorting to the police station on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000     56929/21 25/10/2021 Vladimir Aleksandrovich RUBETS 1988 Nemanov Vladimir Sergeyevich Moscow Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City |Court 13/05/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 31/012021 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;     Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000     13739/22 28/02/2022 Mikhail Sergeyevich MIKHAYLENKO 1993 Markin Konstantin Aleksandrovich Velikiy Novgorod Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Moscow   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 05/10/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 5.10   p.m. on 23/01/2021 until 01.00 a.m. on 24/01/2021;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000     46008/22 09/09/2022 Grigoriy Andreyevich MOYKIN 2000 Mangileva Vera Borisovna Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest (against war in Ukraine)   Yekaterinburg   06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community service Sverdlovsk Regional Court 15/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     46501/22 07/09/2022 Aleksey Vladimirovich RUDAKOV 1994 Yermilova Natalya Pavlovna Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest (against war in Ukraine)   Yekaterinburg   06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 32 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 27/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings     4,000   47023/22 14/09/2022 Tatyana Yuryevna KONDRATYEVA 2000 Yermilova Natalya Pavlovna Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest (against war in Ukraine)   Yekaterinburg   24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 20/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 24/02/2022 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   47136/22 15/09/2022 Valeriya Andreyevna KAN 1993 Valiulin Sergey Aleksandrovich Vladivostok Anti-war protest (against war Ukraine)   Vladivostok   06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Primorye Regional Court 16/05/2022 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   47989/22 19/09/2022 Anastasiya Aleksandrovna KUZNETSOVA 1991 Antokhin Yevgeniy Vyacheslavovich Moscow Rally "Free Navalnyy"   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Moscow City Court 31/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 3 p.m. on 31/01/2021 until 10 p.m. on 02/02/2021;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings;     4,000   49312/22 04/10/2022 Sofya Dmitriyevna SUKHANOVA 2003 Sirinova Olga Vladimirovna St Petersburg Anti-war protest (against war in Ukraine)   St Petersburg   02/03/2022 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 St Petersburg City Court 07/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 02/03/2022 for compiling an offence report     4,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.