CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 16 mai 2024

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ROMANIA (Application no. 29549/16 and 4 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 16 May 2024     This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Mistodie and Others v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Branko Lubarda , President ,   Anne Louise Bormann,   Sebastian Răduleţu , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 18 April 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Romania lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Romanian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     The applicants complained about the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention. 7.     The Government argued that the applicants in applications nos.   35122/16, 35956/16 and 50188/16 had lost the victim status for the periods of detention specified in the appended table because they had been afforded adequate redress based on Law no. 169/2017 amending and completing Law no. 254/2013 on the execution of sentences for that specific period of detention. 8.     The Court notes that the domestic remedy introduced in respect of the inadequate conditions of detention in Romania and applicable until December   2019 was held to be an effective one in the case of Dîrjan and   Ştefan v. Romania (dec.), nos. 14224/15 and 50977/15, §§   23-33, 15   April   2020. 9.     This remedy was available to the abovementioned applicants, and they were, indeed, afforded adequate redress for certain periods of detention (for details see the appended table). 10.     Therefore, the Court accepts the Government’s objection and finds that certain parts of applications nos. 35122/16, 35956/16 and 50188/16 (see for the relevant details the appended table) are incompatible ratione   personae with the provisions of the Convention and must be declared inadmissible in accordance with Article 35 §§ 3 (a) and 4 of the Convention. 11.     The Government also argued that the applicant in application no.   35391/16 had failed to exhaust the available effective remedies for the complaints about the inadequate conditions of his detention, as an action in tort was an effective remedy for grievances similar to the one of the applicant, allowing him to have the violation of the Convention acknowledged, either explicitly or in substance, and to receive adequate and sufficient compensation at the domestic level. Consequently, they invited the Court to declare this application inadmissible. 12.     The Court recalls that in Polgar v. Romania , no. 39412/19, §§ 94-96, 20   July 2021, it held that an action in tort, based on Articles 1349 and   1357 of the Romanian Civil Code, as interpreted consistently by the national courts, had represented since 13 January 2021 an effective remedy for individuals who considered that they had been subjected to inadequate conditions of detention and who were no longer held in conditions that were allegedly contrary to the Convention (see also Vlad v. Romania , (dec.), no.   122/17, §§ 30-33, 15 November 2022). 13.     However, the applicant continues to be held in such conditions. Therefore, the Court dismisses the Government’s objection as to the non-exhaustion of domestic remedies given that the applicant in application no.   35391/16 did not have at his disposal an effective domestic remedy for his grievances considering his situations. 14.     Turning to the periods of the applicants’ detention the details of which are indicated in the appended table, the Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no.   7334/13, §§   96 ‑ 101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić , cited above, §§   122-41, and Ananyev and   Others v. Russia , nos.   42525/07 and 60800/08, §§   149 ‑ 59, 10   January   2012). 15.     In the leading case of Rezmiveș and Others v. Romania, nos.   61467/12 and   3 others, 25 April 2017, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 16.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table were inadequate. 17.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 18.     In applications nos. 29549/16 and 35956/16 the applicants also raised additional complaints under Article 3 of the Convention related to the conditions of detention served during other periods. 19.     The Court has examined these complaints and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. 20.     It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article   35   §   4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 21.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Rezmiveș and Others , cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention, for the periods indicated in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of applications nos. 29549/16, 35122/16, 35956/16 and   50188/16 inadmissible; Holds that there has been a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 16 May 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Branko Lubarda   Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Domestic compensation awarded (in days) based on total period calculated by national authorities Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     29549/16 08/08/2016 Liviu MISTODIE 1986     Arad Prison 07/04/2017 to 11/05/2017 1 month(s) and 5 day(s)   Arad Prison 26/05/2017 to 14/02/2019 1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 20 day(s)   Arad Prison 28/02/2019 to 01/07/2020 1 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 4 day(s) -         -           - lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, poor quality of food     3,000     35122/16 22/10/2016 Marian GHEORGHE 1987 Irina Maria Peter Bucharest Giurgiu County Police Station; Giurgiu Prison; Jilava Prison Hospital 20/10/2008 to 23/07/2012 3 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 4 day(s) 2.90 m² overcrowding (save for 07/04/2009 - 09/06/2009, 18/06/2009 - 16/10/2009, 03/11/2009 - 28/01/2010, 28/06/2011 - 17/11/2011, 10/02/2012 - 03/05/2012), mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to shower, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to potable water, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents 498 days in compensation for a total period of detention spent in inadequate conditions from 24/07/2012 to 09/06/2019 3,000     35391/16 07/06/2016 Aurel OGRINCI 1969     Bucharest General Police Inspectorate; Arad Prison; Mioveni (Colibași) Prison Hospital 01/04/2011 to 14/04/2021 10 year(s) and 14 day(s)     The applicant continues being held in detention in allegedly poor conditions after 14/04/2021, but such period is not subject of the present application. - poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents, inadequate temperature   5,000     35956/16 01/08/2016 Maria-Adriana RUSU 1981     Mioveni (Colibași) Prison 17/02/2012 to 23/02/2012 7 day(s)   Mioveni (Colibași) and Târgșorul Nou Prisons 26/02/2012 to 23/07/2012 4 month(s) and 28 day(s) -         2.10 -2.78 m² overcrowding (only for 20/03/2012 - 04/04/2012, 17/05/2012 - 18/06/2012, 16/07/2012 - 23/07/2012), lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents, dirty or mouldy cells 372 days in compensation for the period of detention spent in inadequate conditions from 24/07/2012 to 01/11/2017 (except for short periods spent in a prison hospital) 1,000     50188/16 20/09/2016 Constantin PETRE 1973     Mărgineni Prison 06/06/2012 to 23/07/2012 1 month(s) and 18 day(s)   Jilava Prison Hospital 12/02/2014 to 20/08/2014 6 month(s) and 9 day(s) 1.58 - 2.15 m²       - overcrowding (except for 12/02/2014 - 20/08/2014), poor quality of food, infestation of cell with insects/ rodents, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, deterioration in conditions of detention (cumulative effect of lack of physical exercise, breaches of the hygiene regulations) 342 days in compensation for a total period of detention spent in inadequate conditions from 24/07/2012 to 31/10/2017 (except for the period indicated in column no. 5 spent in Jilava Prison Hospital) 1,000   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.