CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 6 juin 2024

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POLAND (Applications nos. 56092/22 and 3 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 6 June 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Pluciński and Others v. Poland, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Péter Paczolay , President ,   Gilberto Felici,   Raffaele Sabato , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 16 May 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Poland lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Polish Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the excessive length of criminal proceedings and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.   THE GOVERNMENT’S REQUEST TO STRIKE OUT THE APPLICATIONS UNDER ARTICLE   37 §   1 OF THE CONVENTION 6.     In all four applications, the Government submitted unilateral declarations which did not offer a sufficient basis for finding that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention does not require the Court to continue its examination of the case (Article 37 § 1 in fine ). The Court rejects the Government’s request to strike the applications out and will accordingly pursue its examination of the merits of the case (see Tahsin Acar v.   Turkey (preliminary objections) [GC], no.   26307/95, §   75, ECHR 2003-VI). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   6 § 1 AND ARTICLE   13 OF THE CONVENTION 7.     The applicants complained that the length of the criminal proceedings in question had been incompatible with the “reasonable time” requirement and that they had no effective remedy in this connection. They relied on Article   6 § 1 and Article   13 of the Convention. 8.     The Court reiterates that the reasonableness of the length of proceedings must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of the case and with reference to the following criteria: the complexity of the case, the conduct of the applicants and the relevant authorities and what was at stake for the applicants in the dispute (see, among many other authorities, Pélissier and Sassi v.   France [GC], no.   25444/94, §   67, ECHR   1999 ‑ II, and Frydlender v.   France [GC], no.   30979/96, §   43, ECHR   2000 ‑ VII). 9.     In the leading case of Rutkowski and Others v. Poland, nos. 72287/10 and 2 others, 7 July 2015, the Court already found a violation of Article 6 of the Convention in relation to the length of judicial proceedings. 10.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of justifying the overall length of the proceedings at the national level. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the proceedings was excessive and failed to meet the “reasonable time” requirement. 11.     The Court further notes that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints. 12.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 and of Article 13 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Rutkowski and Others, cited above), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Rejects the Government’s request to strike the applications out of the list; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   6 § 1 and Article   13 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of criminal proceedings and lack of an effective domestic remedy to complain about it; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 June 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.   Viktoriya Maradudina   Péter Paczolay   Acting Deputy Registrar   President       APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention (excessive length of criminal proceedings and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Start of proceedings End of proceedings Total length Levels of jurisdiction Domestic decision on complaint under the 2004 Act Domestic award (in Polish zlotys) Amount awarded for non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     56092/22 09/01/2023 Bartłomiej PLUCIŃSKI 1997 Andrzejewski Damian Wolomin 06/04/2017   pending   More than 6 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 20 day(s)   1 level(s) of jurisdiction   Kraków Court of Appeal, 13/12/2022, case no. II S 13/22, PLN 3,000   4,500     6455/23 24/01/2023 Grzegorz MAJ 1982     12/11/2013   pending   More than 10 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 14 day(s)   1 level(s) of jurisdiction   Warsaw Regional Court, 30/09/2022, case no. X S 78/22, PLN 8,000   7,200     9049/23 10/02/2023 Marek NOWAK 1974     31/12/2012   pending   More than 11 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 26 day(s)   2 level(s) of jurisdiction   Warsaw Court of Appeal, 15/06/2022, case no. II S 33/22; Warsaw Court of Appeal, 14/12/2022, case no. II S 113/22, PLN 5,000   6,600     16080/23 03/04/2023 Dawid ŻACZKIEWICZ 1985 Cupiał Dawid Warsaw 25/06/2010   pending   More than 13 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 1 day(s)   2 level(s) of jurisdiction   Warsaw-Praga Regional Court, 09/11/2017, case no. VI S 103/17 Warsaw-Praga Regional Court, 17/12/2020, case no. VI S 123/20 Warsaw Court of Appeal, 08/02/2023, case no. II S 134/22, PLN 3,000   11,000   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.