CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 4 juillet 2024

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 23778/21 and 32 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 4 July 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Chibyshev and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Peeter Roosma , President ,   Ioannis Ktistakis,   Andreas Zünd , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 30 May 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos.   40792/10 and 2   others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17   January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE   11 OF THE CONVENTION 7.     The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article   11 of the Convention. 8.     The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v.   Lithuania [GC], no.   37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v.   Turkey , no.   74552/01, ECHR 2006 ‑ XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v.   Moldova , no.   33482/06, 31   March 2009). 9.     In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 11.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.     Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 13.     Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia , no.   5865/07, §§   63-65, 13   February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos.   54381/08 and 5   others, §§ 115-31, 10   April 2018, and Korneyeva v.   Russia , no.   72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; and Karelin v. Russia , no. 926/08, §§ 58 ‑ 85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO), REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.     Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Articles 5 and 6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of their deprivation of liberty and fairness of the administrative-offence proceedings. In view of the findings in paragraphs 11 and 13 above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos.   25809/17 and 14 others, §   22, 4   October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16   September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints under Articles 5 and 6 of the Convention; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article   11 of the Convention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 4 July 2024, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Peeter Roosma   Acting Deputy Registrar   President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative / criminal charges Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     23778/21 20/04/2021 Aleksandr Mikhaylovich CHIBYSHEV 1988 Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevcich Nizhniy Tagil Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO community service of 30   hours Sverdlovsk Regional Court 24/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence 4,000     27201/21 04/05/2021 Sergey Vladimirovich LAZAREV 1988 Bubon Konstantin Vladimirovich Khabarovsk Rally in support of S. Furgal   Khabarovsk 19/09/2020 article 20.2 § 8 of CAO community service of 100   hours Khabarovsk Regional Court 05/11/2020   3,500     28569/21 02/06/2021 Yegor Viktorovich NIKONOROV 1993 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 18/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     31177/21 21/05/2021 Sergey Viktorovich DRUCHEK 1991 Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevich Nizhniy Tagil Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Kazan 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 07/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled 4,000     31350/21 24/05/2021 Dmitriy Andreyevich KAPIN 1988 Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 12/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, and after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     31370/21 24/05/2021 Sergey Sergeyevich KHOMUTINNIKOV 1990 Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 14 days Moscow City Court 12/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     31663/21 07/06/2021 Yevgeniy Alekseyevich KLIMOV 1994 Pershakova Yelena Yuryevna Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Perm 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 2 of CAO administrative detention of 5   days Perm Regional Court 09/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 26/01/2021 and 27/01/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, and after the offence record had been compiled in respect of the rally of 23/01/2021,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings         5,000     36717/21 07/07/2021 Aleksandr Igorevich VETOSHKIN 1998 Bochilo Anna Yevgenyevna Barnaul Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Syktyvkar 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   5,000 Supreme Court of the Komi Republic 24/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record; raised on appeal,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     38375/21 02/07/2021 Andrey Vladimirovich ALEYNIK 1998 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   20,000 Moscow City Court 26/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial and after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   38539/21 17/07/2021 Svetlana Petrovna SHUMILINA 1976 Kapustin Vladimir Yakovlevich Yekaterinburg Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO community service of 20   hours Sverdlovsk Regional Court 25/05/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   38919/21 22/07/2021 Sergey Vasilyevich NOVIKOV 1984 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO administrative fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 11/05/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   39194/21 27/07/2021 Daniil Sergeyevich DAVYDENKO 2000 Eysmont Mariya Olegovna Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 02/02/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 03/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   40289/21 28/07/2021 Mikhail Sergeyevich ANISKIN 1985 Bochilo Anna Yevgenyevna Barnaul Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Lipetsk 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Lipetsk Regional Court 04/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention – arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   41232/21 24/07/2021 Galina Yuryevna GREBENNIKOVA 1965 Bochilo Anna Yevgenyevna Barnaul Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Lipetsk 21/04/2021 article 20.2 § 8 of CAO fine of RUB   75,000 Lipetsk Regional Court 03/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 21/04/2021 and 22/01/2021 as administrative suspect, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   41325/21 31/07/2021 Anastasiya Vladimirovna SHLYKOVA 2000 Eysmont Mariya Olegovna Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 09/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   45699/21 17/08/2021 Yaroslav Vitalyevich DMITRIYEV 1979     Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Kazan 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 07/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention from 31/01/2021 to 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, after the offence record had been compiled 4,000   51752/21 15/10/2021 Sergey Viktorovich CHERNETSKIY 1985 Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Tambov 21/04/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 10 days Tambov Regional Court 24/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 21/04/2021 to 22/04/2021 as administrative suspect, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000   52477/21 30/09/2021 Rustam Vadimovich DAVLYATOV 1993 Usanova Olimpiada Valentinovna Nizhniy Novgorod Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Nizhniy Novgorod 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 31/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   52935/21 14/10/2021 Sofya Sara KARAULOVA 1998 Solovyev Stanislav Vyacheslavovich Moscow Opposition rally   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   20,000 Moscow City Court 14/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 31/01/2021, for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence         4,000   53175/21 23/09/2021 Artem Sergeyevich BELOUSOV 1999 Bushmakov Aleksey Vladimirovich Yekaterinburg Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 20 hours of community service Sverdlovsk Regional Court 09/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   53275/21 07/10/2021 Dmitriy Igorevich KOSTYUNIN 1983 Usanova Olimpiada Valentinovna Nizhniy Novgorod Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Nizhniy Novgorod 31/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 07/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 02/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   53475/21 15/10/2021 Nikolay Dzhumberovich ASATIANI 1974 Peredruk Aleksandr Dmitriyevich St Petersburg Rally for fair elections to Mosgorduma   Moscow 27/07/2019 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 20/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 27/07/2019 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence 4,000   4566/22 17/12/2021 Veronika Yuryevna MAKAROVA 2000 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Blagoveshchensk 21/04/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO file of RUB   10,000 Amur Regional Court 12/07/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings     3,500   4569/22 17/12/2021 Aleksey Igorevich MAKAROV 1998 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Moscow City Court 21/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   4914/22 30/12/2021 Aleksey Valeryevich KUKUNCHIKOV 1995 Usanova Olimpiada Valentinovna Nizhniy Novgorod Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Nizhniy Novgorod 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 15/11/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   5043/22 25/12/2021 Mikhail Mikhaylovich NIKOLAYEV 1990 Popkov Aleksandr Vasilyevich Sochi Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Sochi 23/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Krasnodar Regional Court 30/06/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   3,500   5144/22 30/12/2021 Matvey Vladimirovich FEFELOV 2000 Popkov Aleksandr Vasilyevich Sochi Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Sochi 23/01/2021 article 20.2 §   6.1 of CAO fine of RUB   15,000 Krasnodar Regional Court 14/07/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   5155/22 30/12/2021 Yelena Aleksandrovna POPOVA 1956 Lepekhin Andrey Gennadyevich Chelyabinsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Chelyabinsk 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Chelyabinsk Regional Court 01/07/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   5351/22 29/12/2021 Ivan Aleksandrovich RYBIN 2002 Solovyev Leonid Alekseyevich Moscow Rally for fair elections to the State Duma   Moscow 22/09/2021 article 20.2 § 8 of CAO administrative detention of 25 days Moscow City Court 28/09/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 22/09/2021 and 23/09/2021 as administrative suspect, after the offence record had been compiled,   Art. 6 (1) – lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,500   5782/22 17/12/2021 Oleg Askarovich DIYKANOV 1977 Zinovyev Konstantin Mikhaylovich Nizhniy Novgorod Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Nizhniy Novgorod 23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 17/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   5790/22 09/12/2021 Aleksey Nikolayevich GUSAROV 1981 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow 02/02/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Moscow City Court 11/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 02/02/2021, for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   7336/22 20/01/2022 Anna Mikhaylovna KUDRYASHOVA 1991 Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Perm 21/04/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Perm Regional Court 11/08/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   7371/22 30/12/2021 Mikhail Pavlovich ZYSKIN 1978 Vasin Vladimir Valeryevich Krasnoyarsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Krasnoyarsk 31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB   10,000 Krasnoyarsk Regional Court 08/07/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence (such record only drawn up on 16/03/2021),   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. 4,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.