CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 16 janvier 2025

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UKRAINE (Applications nos. 8134/22 and 9 others – see appended list)           JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 16 January 2025       This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Orlov and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a   Committee composed of:   Diana Sârcu , President ,   Kateřina Šimáčková,   Mykola Gnatovskyy , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 5 December 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the   Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Ukrainian Government (“the   Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 4.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the   Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLES   3 AND   13 OF THE CONVENTION 5.     The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention during the periods indicated in the appended table and that they had no effective remedy in this connection. They relied on Articles   3 and   13 of the Convention. 6.     The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case ‑ law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v.   Croatia [GC], no.   7334/13, §§   96 ‑ 101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a   factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the   detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article   3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić , cited above, §§   122-41, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia , nos.   42525/07 and 60800/08, §§   149 ‑ 59, 10   January 2012). 7.     In the leading cases of Melnik v. Ukraine (no. 72286/01, 28   March   2006) and Sukachov v. Ukraine (no. 14057/17, 30 January 2020), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 8.     The Court observes in the present case that, even deducting the in-cell sanitary facility from the overall surface area of the cell, the applicants disposed of more than 4 sq. m of personal space, including the space occupied by furniture (see the calculation methodology in Muršić , cited above, §114). However, other aspects of physical conditions of detention remain relevant for the Court’s assessment of the adequacy of an applicant’s conditions of detention under Article 3 of the Convention (see Muršić , cited above, § 140, Canali v. France , no. 40119/09, § 51-53, 25 April 2013, Necula v. Romania , no. 33003/11, §§ 55-60, 18   February 2014, and, for example, Bușcu v.   Romania [Committee], no.   73352/14, §   39, 20 April 2021). In this regard, the Court notes that the majority of the applicants’ grievances have not been adequately addressed by the Government. Primary evidence (including, where appropriate, photographs) related to the material conditions of detention complained of by the applicants, such as air quality, food and water quality, pest control, temperature and luminosity measurements, bathing facilities, privacy of toilet, laundry services, etc., have either not been provided or pertain to other cells or periods well before or after the applicants’ detention. Therefore, even if no issue arises with regard to the personal living space, the length of the applicants’ detention and the combined effect of the conditions they faced while being locked in their cells for up to twenty-three hours per day trigger the application of Article 3 of the Convention. 9.     Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table were inadequate. 10.     The Court further notes that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints. 11.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 12.     In applications nos. 8134/22, 7054/23, 9717/23, 25848/23 and 25854/23 the applicants also raised other complaints under Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention. 13.     The Court has examined these complaints and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles   34 and   35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article   35   §   4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 14.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Sukachov , cited above, §§ 165 and 167), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in that regard admissible,   and the remainder of applications nos. 8134/22, 7054/23, 9717/23, 25848/23 and 25854/23 inadmissible; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Articles   3 and 13 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law; Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 16 January 2025, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Diana Sârcu   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros) [1]     8134/22 01/02/2022 Maksym Vitaliyovych ORLOV 1989   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility no. 3 03/04/2021 pending More than 3 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 17   day(s) 4.2 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of toiletries, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light 7,500     7050/23 14/01/2023 Viktor Mikhaylovich SLEPTSOV 1957   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Vinnytsya Detention Facility no. 1 17/01/2002 pending More than 22 year(s) and 10   month(s) and 3   day(s) 4.4 m² inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     7054/23 14/01/2023 Yevgeniy Anatoliyovych TROFIMOV 1964   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Vinnytsya Detention Facility no. 1 07/02/2013 pending More than 11 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 13   day(s) 4.4 m² inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     9717/23 18/01/2023 Roman Georgiyovych PYATACHENKO 1981   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Cherkasy Pre-Trial Detention Facility 09/11/2021 pending More than 3 year(s) and 11   day(s) 4.2 m² lack of fresh air, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to warm water, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air 6,800     9815/23 07/02/2023 Oleksandr Mykolayovych DVORETSKYY 1973   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Vinnytsya Detention Facility No. 1 03/06/2022 pending More than 2 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 17   day(s) 3.9 - 5.3 m² inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, passive smoking, poor quality of food, poor quality of potable water 5,800     15960/23 29/03/2023 Leonid Mykhaylovych ZAPOROZHETS 1959   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rig Detention Facility no. 3 28/07/2015 pending More than 9 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 23   day(s) 4 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of requisite medical assistance, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to running water, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of toiletries, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light 7,500     22598/23 16/05/2023 Denys Andriyovych TSYGANCHUK 1992   Pustyntsev Andriy Vitaliyovych Dnipro Zhytomyr Detention Facility no. 8 15/03/2021 pending More than 3 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 5   day(s) 4.1-8.2 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food 7,500     25369/23 04/06/2023 Yevgen Oleksiyovych MARICH 1983   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Zamkova Detention Facility no. 58 29/11/2005 pending More than 18 year(s) and 11   month(s) and 22   day(s) 4.2 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, lack of requisite medical assistance, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water 7,500     25848/23 04/06/2023 Oleg Fedorovych GURTOVYY 1965   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Zamkova Detention Facility no. 58 21/10/2005 pending More than 19 year(s) and 30   day(s) 4.25 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, lack of requisite medical assistance, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water 7,500   25854/23 04/06/2023 Borys Mykhaylovych STETSENKO 1953   Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Ladyzhyn Detention Facility no. 39 07/12/2015 pending More than 8 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 13   day(s) 4.15 m² lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of requisite medical assistance, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, passive smoking 7,500   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.