CEDH · CASELAW;JUDGMENTS;COMMITTEE;ENG — 16 octobre 2025

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RUSSIA (Applications nos. 64339/19 and 12208/22)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 16 October 2025   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Komornikov and Maksimova v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:   Diana Kovatcheva , President ,   Canòlic Mingorance Cairat,   Vasilka Sancin , judges , and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 25 September 2025, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.     The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article   34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.     The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.     The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.     The applicants complained of the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities. They also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.     Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. Jurisdiction 6.     The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§   68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 8 of the Convention 7.     The applicants complained of the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities. 8.     The Court has already established, in an earlier case against Russia, that the national legal framework governing the placement of detainees under permanent video surveillance in penal institutions falls short of the standards set out in Article 8 of the Convention (see Gorlov and Others v. Russia, nos. 27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019). In Gorlov and Others , the Court summarised the general principles concerning the detainees’ right to respect for private life reiterating that placing a person under permanent video surveillance whilst in detention was to be regarded as a serious interference with the individual’s right to respect for his or her privacy (ibid., §§   81-82). It has further concluded that the national law cannot be regarded as being sufficiently clear, precise or detailed to have afforded appropriate protection against arbitrary interference by the authorities with the detainees’ right to respect of their private life (ibid., §§ 97-98). 9.     Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. It considers, regard being had to the case-law cited above, that in the instant case the placement of the applicants under permanent video surveillance when confined to their cells in pre-trial and post-conviction detention facilities was not “in accordance with law”. 10.     These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 8 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.     The applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article   35   §   3   (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, 22 May 2012, and Tomov and Others v. Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§ 92-156, 9 April 2019, concerning conditions of detention during transport and lack of an effective remedy in that respect, Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos.   32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts), and Vorontsov and Others v.   Russia, nos.   59655/14 and 2 others, 31 January 2017, concerning use of metal cages in courtroom, and Gorlov and Others , cited above, concerning lack of an effective remedy in respect of the permanent video surveillance of detainees. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE   41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.     Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Gorlov and Others , cited above, § 120, with further references, which imposed on the respondent State a legal obligation, under Article 46 of the Convention, to implement, under the supervision of the Committee of Ministers, such measures as they consider appropriate to secure the right of the applicants and other persons in their position to respect of their private life; see also N.T. v. Russia , no. 14727/11, §§   66 ‑ 70, 2   June 2020), the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes sufficient just satisfaction in the present case in respect of the applicants’ complaints related to the permanent video surveillance in detention facilities and lack of an effective remedy in that regard. It further considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table for the violations as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16   September 2022; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 8 of the Convention concerning the permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)   that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)   that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 16 October 2025, pursuant to Rule   77   §§   2 and   3 of the Rules of Court.     Viktoriya Maradudina   Diana Kovatcheva   Acting Deputy Registrar   President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 8 of the Convention (permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Detention facility Period of detention Specific circumstances Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]     64339/19 18/11/2019 Vadim Sergeyevich KOMORNIKOV 1988   IK-1 Komi Republic 22/05/2020 – ongoing at least until 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators Art. 3 – inadequate conditions of detention during transportation – by train; 02-03/11/2019; 14-15/11/2019, 19-20/01/2020; overcrowding; lack of fresh air, restricted access to toilet, no individual sleeping place; trip lasted 32, 16 and 16 hours, respectively; train 22-24/05/2020 and 26-27/08/2020, 0.4 sq. m, overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light,   Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - placement in a metal cage during court hearings at the Ukhta Town Court of Komi Republic during 01/02/2019-24/10/2019,   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of placement in a metal cage in court hearings and in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport. 8,500     12208/22 15/01/2022 Oksana Andreyevna MAKSIMOVA 1991   SIZO-1 Novosibirsk Region 16/11/2018- ongoing at least until 16/09/2022 opposite-sex operators Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms – at the hearings before the Zheleznodorozhnyy District Court of Novosibirsk, 16/11/2018- ongoing at least until 16/09/2022,   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of permanent video surveillance in detention facilities. 7,500   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.