CEDHCASELAW;COMMUNICATEDCASES;ENG
CEDH · CASELAW;COMMUNICATEDCASES;ENG — 14 février 2014
- ECLI
- ECLI:CEDH:001-141728
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- 14 février 2014
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- 14 février 2014
droits fondamentauxCEDH
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border-left:0.75pt solid #808080; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top } .s45580DE1 { width:12.14%; border-top:0.75pt solid #808080; border-left:0.75pt solid #808080; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top }   Communicated on 14 February 2014   THIRD SECTION Application no. 64625/13 Georgeta MARIN against Romania and 59 other applications (see list appended) STATEMENT OF FACTS THE FACTS The applicants are all Romanian nationals. The applicants’ personal details, as well as details of the events and domestic proceedings to which they were parties are set out in the appended table. According to the power of attorney submitted in the case files, the applicants are all represented before the Court by Mr Ionuț Matei, lawyer practicing in Bucharest. The facts of the case, as they have been submitted by the applicants, are similar to those presented in Association “21 December 1989” and Others v. Romania (nos. 33810/07 and 18817/08, §§ 12-41, 24 May 2011). They belong to the same historical context and relate to the same domestic criminal proceedings as those at issue in the above-mentioned case. They can be summarized as follows. Following demonstrations against the Government, on 17   December   1989, on an order from Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of the Republic, military operations were conducted in Timișoara and in the following days in other towns, causing many civilian victims. According to a letter of 5   June   2008 from the military prosecutor’s office at the High Court of Cassation and Justice, “more than 1,200 people died, more than 5,000 people were injured and several thousand people were unlawfully deprived of their liberty and subjected to ill treatment”, in Bucharest, Timişoara, Reşiţa, Buzău, Constanţa, Craiova, Brăila, Oradea, Cluj, Braşov, Târgu-Mureş, Sibiu and other towns in Romania. In addition, it appears from Ministry of Defence documents, declassified by Government decision no. 94/2010 of 10   February 2010, that thousands of servicemen, equipped with combat tanks and other armed vehicles, were deployed in Bucharest and other cities. During the period of 17 to 30 December 1989 they used considerable quantities of ammunition. Many people, among which the applicants or their relatives, were killed or wounded by gunshot, were injured by the armed forces or were killed in a plane crash, during their participation in demonstrations against the communist regime, from 17 December 1989 in Timişoara, and from 21   December 1989 in Bucharest, Braşov and other cities and towns across the country. According to a report of 24 July 1990 by the Directorate of Military Prosecutor’s Offices ( Direcţia procuraturilor militare ), in the night of 21 to 22 December 1989 “48 persons died and 150 persons were injured in Bucharest as a result of the violent crackdown by the armed forces, including through the use of firearms”. Many victims were also killed or wounded by gunfire after 22   December 1989, the date on which the then Head of State was deposed. During 1990 the military prosecutor’s offices in Bucharest, Timişoara, Oradea, Constanţa, Craiova, Bacău, Târgu-Mureş and Cluj opened investigations into the use of force and unlawful deprivation of liberty in the final days of December 1989. In a number of cases concerning the events in Timişoara and Cluj ‑ Napoca, the investigations culminated in transfer to the courts and the conviction of certain senior military officers (regarding the repression in Timişoara from 17 to 22 December 1989, see the case of Ş andru and Others v.   Romania , no. 22465/03, §§ 6-47, 8 December 2009). To date, the main criminal investigation into the use of violence, especially against civilian demonstrators, both prior to and following the overthrow of Nicolae Ceauşescu, is still pending and is the subject matter of file no. 97/P/1990. The most important procedural steps can be summarized as follows. On 20   September 1995, prosecutor S. in the military prosecutors’ office at the Supreme Court of Justice issued a decision discontinuing proceedings in case no. 97/P/1990, which concerned persons killed or injured by gunfire. By a decision of 7 December 2004, not communicated to the applicants, the military prosecutor’s office at the High Court of Cassation and Justice set aside the decision of 20 September 1995, issued in case no.   97/P/1990, as unlawful and unfounded. By a decision of the same day, namely 7 December 2004, the military prosecutor’s office ordered the indictment of 102 persons, essentially officers, including high-ranking officers, from the Army, police and Securitate forces, for murder (Articles 174-176 of the Criminal Code), genocide (Article 357 of the Criminal Code), inhuman treatment (Article   358 of the Criminal Code), attempting, aiding and abetting in the commission of these offences and participation lato sensu ( participaţie improprie ) in them, acts committed “during the period from 21 to 30   December 1989”. Sixteen civilians, including a former President of Romania and a former Head of the Romanian Intelligence Service, were also charged. Several criminal investigations into the fatal crackdown on the demonstrations of December 1989, which had initially been conducted separately, were joined to the investigation that was the subject matter of case no. 97/P/1990. By a decision of 15 January 2008, the military prosecuting authorities at the High Court of Cassation and Justice decided to severe the investigation concerning the sixteen civilian defendants (including a former President of Romania and a former Head of the Romanian Intelligence Service) from the investigation involving military personnel, and to relinquish its jurisdiction in favour of the prosecutor’s office at the High Court of Cassation and Justice. By an Ordinance of 18 October 2010, the military prosecuting authorities decided not to institute criminal proceedings with regard to the acts committed by the military, partly for prescription and partly as unfounded. The investigation into the crimes committed by civilians, members of patriotic guards, members of the militia and prison staff was severed and jurisdiction was relinquished in favor of the prosecuting authorities at the High Court of Cassation and Justice. These investigations are currently pending. COMPLAINTS 1.     Relying on Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, the applicants complain of the lack of an effective criminal investigation opened by the authorities in order to punish those responsible for the violent quashing of the anti ‑ communist demonstrations of December 1989 in Bucharest and other cities of Romania. 2.     Invoking Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, the applicants complain of the length of the criminal proceedings opened after the events of December   1989 in Bucharest and other cities of Romania. 3.     Relying on Article 13 of the Convention, the applicants complain of the lack of an effective remedy in respect of the determination of their claims. QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES 1.     Having regard to the procedural protection of the right to life (see paragraph 104 of Salman v. Turkey [GC], no. 21986/93, ECHR 2000-VII), was the investigation in the present cases by the domestic authorities in breach of Article 2 of the Convention?   2.     Having regard to the procedural protection from inhuman or degrading treatment (see paragraph 131 of Labita v. Italy [GC], no.   26772/95, ECHR 2000-IV), was the investigation in the case no.   64752/13 by the domestic authorities in breach of Article   3 of the Convention?   3.     Was the length of the criminal proceedings in the present cases in breach of the “reasonable time” requirement of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention?   4.     Did the applicants have at their disposal an effective domestic remedy for the determination of their complaints under Articles 2 or 3 of the Convention, as required by Article 13 of the Convention? APPENDIX   No. Application no. and date of introduction Applicant name date of birth place of residence nationality Represented by Particular circumstances of the application Complaints to be communicated   64625/13 08/10/2013 Georgeta MARIN 02/02/1945 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64626/13 08/10/2013 Dorina BUCUR 28/04/1961 Popești-Leordeni Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64629/13 08/10/2013 Liliana MITU 24/10/1957 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 21.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64630/13 08/10/2013 Floarea VLAD 09/09/1954 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64631/13 08/10/2013 Elena-Alexandra SANDU 05/12/1989 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 21.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64632/13 08/10/2013 Aurelian MORĂRAȘ 29/11/1980 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64637/13 08/10/2013 Florica ILIE 20/04/1958 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 25.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64642/13 08/10/2013 Alexandru-Georgian ILIE 24/09/1989 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 25.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64655/13 08/10/2013 Niculae IONESCU 02/04/1932 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Father of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64663/13 08/10/2013 Roxana-Adina TOPÂRCEANU 12/02/1983 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64667/13 08/10/2013 Doina IONESCU 06/11/1984 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64674/13 08/10/2013 Monica Mihaela BENI 03/07/1979 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64679/13 08/10/2013 Florența-Lidia VLAD 10/03/1978 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64680/13 08/10/2013 Florin-Vasile LUPU 18/12/1985 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990 2, 6 § 1, 13   64682/13 08/10/2013 Maria CONSTANTIN 14/03/1952 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64683/13 08/10/2013 Costel LUPU 13/11/1987 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64684/13 08/10/2013 Ionica-Lili IONICĂ 07/04/1979 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64688/13 08/10/2013 Mihai LUPU 21/11/1984 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64689/13 08/10/2013 Elena MORĂRAȘ 15/06/1959 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64691/13 08/10/2013 Alexandru-Cristian VLAD 11/02/1976 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64692/13 08/10/2013 Marius-Andrei MORĂRAȘ 22/10/1983 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989 Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64693/13 08/10/2013 Aurica LUPU 02/07/1955 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64695/13 08/10/2013 Cosmin MORĂRAȘ 17/11/1979 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989 Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64697/13 08/10/2013 Marius BUTNARU 15/08/1970 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990 2, 6 § 1, 13   64699/13 08/10/2013 Mihai Alexandru OPREA 27/10/1987 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989 Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64701/13 08/10/2013 Zoica-Adriana BĂLĂLĂU 27/05/1955 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64702/13 08/10/2013 Maria BUTNARU 30/10/1944 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990 2, 6 § 1, 13   64703/13 08/10/2013 Raluca Alexandra COVORAN 28/08/1970 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64704/13 08/10/2013 Constantina IONESCU 14/12/1938 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64706/13 08/10/2013 Ana SANDU 14/06/1957 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64709/13 08/10/2013 Andreea-Georgeta BĂLĂLĂU 21/09/1983 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64710/13 08/10/2013 Bogdan-Costin BĂLĂLĂU 02/12/1988 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64712/13 08/10/2013 Ionica CRĂCIUN 15/10/1974 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64713/13 08/10/2013 Oliviu-Flaviu PETRE 15/07/1975 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed in a plane crash in Vișina, Dâmbovița on 28.12.1989, linked to    the military operations of December 1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64714/13 08/10/2013 Elisabeta TENTZER 30/06/1941 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64716/13 08/10/2013 Alexandru MICU 21/04/1987 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64717/13 08/10/2013 Felicia MĂRĂCINICĂ 03/05/1958 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Țăndărei, Slobozia on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64719/13 08/10/2013 Carmen-Bianca BĂLAN 23/08/1976 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64720/13 08/10/2013 Floarea CRESTEAZĂ 29/03/1936 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 25.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64721/13 08/10/2013 Mihai-Cosmin MOLDOVEANU 24/03/1980 Bucharest Romanian Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed in a plane crash in Vișina, Dâmbovița on 28.12.1989, linked to the military operations of December 1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64724/13 08/10/2013 Adrian-Nicolae BUCUR 16/10/1983 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64727/13 08/10/2013 Anișoara BORȘU 20/06/1950 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 25.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64729/13 08/10/2013 Camil-Dragoș MOLDOVEANU 08/05/1986 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed in a plane crash in Vișina, Dâmbovița on 28.12.1989, linked to the military operations of December 1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64733/13 08/10/2013 Onița OLARU 01/06/1956 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64734/13 08/10/2013 Cristina GORNEANU 07/01/1932 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 24.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64738/13 08/10/2013 Camelia-Raluca OLARU 30/12/1983 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64742/13 08/10/2013 Iuliana-Cristina CRESTEAZĂ 14/10/1984 Bucharest Romanian Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 25.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64743/13 08/10/2013 Vasile OLTEANU 03/05/1942 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Father of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64745/13 08/10/2013 Ana Maria-Raluca BUCUR 12/08/1985 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 26.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64747/13 08/10/2013 Maria OLTEANU 28/08/1945 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64752/13 08/10/2013 Nicolae BĂNUȚOIU 07/06/1965 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Injured in Bucharest on 21.12.1989, with supporting medical evidence. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990, 3, 6 § 1, 13   64756/13 08/10/2013 Elena Carmen RĂDUȚĂ 30/05/1987 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64757/13 08/10/2013 Maria MĂNICĂ 30/07/1956 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64763/13 08/10/2013 Alina CONSTANTIN 24/06/1980 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64771/13 08/10/2013 Felicia LAMBERT 02/10/1952 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Mother of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Injured by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989, with supporting medical evidence. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64778/13 08/10/2013 Constantin LAMBERT 30/12/1948 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Father of a victim killed by gunshot in Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64781/13 08/10/2013 Elena-Maria BĂDULESCU 11/02/1950 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Widow of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 23.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990. 2, 6 § 1, 13   64783/13 08/10/2013 Florentina-Adriana RĂUȚU 27/06/1981 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 21.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64788/13 08/10/2013 Leonardo Eugen SANDU 15/03/1978 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Son of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13   64797/13 08/10/2013 Adriana MOISE 11/03/1982 Bucharest Romanian   Ionuț MATEI Daughter of a victim killed by gunshot Bucharest on 22.12.1989. Party in domestic file no. 97/P/1990.   2, 6 § 1, 13  Citations
Aucune citation répertoriée pour cette décision.
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Aucune décision similaire identifiée pour le moment.
Synthèse
- Juridiction
- CEDH
- Chambre
- CASELAW;COMMUNICATEDCASES;ENG
- Date
- 14 février 2014
- Matière
- droits fondamentaux
Référence
ECLI:CEDH:001-141728
Données disponibles
- Texte intégral
- Résumé officiel