CEDH · CASELAW;COMMUNICATEDCASES;ENG — 20 mai 2020

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font-size:8pt } .sF6A12959 { width:33%; height:1px; text-align:left } .sCC018295 { font-family:Arial; font-size:5.33pt; vertical-align:super; color:#0069d6 } Communicated on 20 May 2020 Published on 15 June 2020   THIRD SECTION Application no. 15476/08 Adam FREDRIKSEN against Russia and 5 other applications – see appended list STATEMENT OF FACTS The applicants complained under Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention that they had been subjected to ill-treatment by State officials and that the State had failed to conduct an effective domestic investigation into those incidents. All of the applicants submitted that the investigations in connection with the incidents proved futile. Mr Daurbekov (no. 60844/11) and Mr   Chibiyev (no. 70960/14) also complained under Article 5 of the Convention about their unrecorded detention following their respective arrests.   The relevant details regarding the applicants’ allegations and their version of factual circumstances are reflected in the attached appendices. The information regarding the alleged breach of the substantive aspect of Article 3 is contained in Appendix No. 1. The reaction of the domestic authorities to the applicants’ complaints is reflected in Appendix No. 2.   Table of cases:   No. Case name Application No.   Lodged on Applicant Year of Birth Place of Residence Nationality Represented by 1 Fredriksen v.   Russia 15476/08   13/03/2008 Adam FREDRIKSEN [1] 1979 Oslo Norwegian STICHTING RUSSIAN JUSTICE INITIATIVE 2 Daurbekov v.   Russia 60844/11   22/09/2011 Aslanbek DAURBEKOV 1979 Achkhoy-Martan Russian Igor Aleksandrovich KALYAPIN 3 Akhmedov v.   Russia 43067/13   24/06/2013 Alikhan AKHMEDOV 1984 Grozny Russian Igor Aleksandrovich KALYAPIN 4 Chibiyev v.   Russia 70960/14   03/11/2014 Maskhud CHIBIYEV 1990 Pliyevo Russia STICHTING RUSSIAN JUSTICE INITIATIVE 5 Berov v. Russia 53922/15   23/10/2015 Inal BEROV 1983 Nalchik Russian Vanessa KOGAN 6 Ugurchiyev v.   Russia 48809/18   01/10/2018 Ruslan UGURCHIYEV 1980 Nazran Russian Boris Mikhaylovich PUGOYEV   QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES 1.     a)     Having regard to the injuries found on the applicants after the time spent by them in State custody, have the applicants been subjected to torture, or inhuman or degrading treatment, in breach of Article 3 of the Convention (see, among other authorities, Razzakov v. Russia , no.   57519/09, 5   February 2015; Gorshchuk v. Russia , no. 31316/09, 6   October 2015; Turbylev v.   Russia , no.   4722/09, 6   October 2015; Fartushin v. Russia , no.   38887/09, 8   October 2015; Aleksandr Andreyev v. Russia , no.   2281/06, 23   February 2016; and Leonid Petrov v. Russia , no. 52783/08, 11   October 2016)?   b)     Have the authorities discharged their burden of proof by providing a plausible or satisfactory and convincing explanation of how the applicants’ injuries were caused (see Selmouni , cited above, § 87, and Salman v. Turkey [GC], no.   21986/93, §   100, ECHR 2000 ‑ VII and Bouyid v. Belgium [GC], no.   23380/09, §   83 and further, ECHR 2015)?   c)     Did the authorities carry out an effective investigation, in compliance with the procedural obligation under Article 3 of the Convention (see Lyapin v.   Russia , no.   46956/09, §§   125-40, 24 July 2014)?   2.     In the cases of Mr   Daurbekov (no. 60844/11) and Mr Chibiyev (no.   70960/14), as regards their allegations of unrecorded detention, were they deprived of their liberty, within the meaning of Article 5 § 1 of the Convention? If such detention took place, was it compatible with the guarantees of Article 5   §§   1-5 of the Convention?   3.     In the cases of Mr Fredriksen (no. 15476/08), Mr Daurbekov (no.   60844/11), Mr Akhmedov (no. 43067/13), Mr Chibiyev (no. 70960/14), Mr   Ugurchiyev (no.   48809/18), did the applicants have at their disposal an effective domestic remedy for their complaints under Article 3, as required by Article   13 of the Convention?     No   Application No. and Title APPENDIX No. 1 Article 3 - Substantive aspect ARREST ALLEGED ILL-TREATMENT EVIDENCE Date Time Facts Region Town Location Entity Date Time Location Alleged Facts Perpetrator(s) Date Doc Type Authority Description of Injuries 1. 15476/08 Fredriksen v.   Russia 11/05/2005 At about 5   a.m. during a special operation Chechnya, Grozny   The applicant’s house Leninskiy Temporary Department of the Interior (VOVD) 11/05/2005-13/05/2005   09/06/2005-15/06/2005   13/12/2005-19/12/2005   27/01/2006-03/02/2006 Operational-Search Division of the North Caucasus Operations Department (ORB-2) Electrocuted, beaten with wooden sticks, strangled with a gas mask, forced to inhale liquid ammonia, burned with cigarette butts, forced to confess ORB-2 officers M. and Yu.       27/05/2005           Extract from the medical card     Remand prison no.   20/1, Grozny Pain all over the body. Two marks from cigarette butts, crust on his legs, left knee-joint, hematoma on his leg. A scar on his head allegedly from beatings. Complaints about deterioration of the eyesight caused by beatings in ORB-2   25/05/2006 Forensic medical examination act no. 430 Forensic Bureau of the Chechen Republic Injuries described in the medical card confirmed. Besides that, the applicant had a post-traumatic contusion of both eyes and post-traumatic encephalopathy due to a brain injury, which could be caused in the circumstances described by the applicant 2. 60844/11 Daurbekov v.   Russia 14/05/2010   Arrest record drawn up on 16/05/2010 Chechnya, Achkhoy-Martan Achkhoy-Martanovskiy Department of the Interior (ROVD) 14/05/2010-15/05/2010   17/05/2010 Achkhoy-Martanovskiy ROVD Punched and kicked, insulted, deprived of food and water. He was tied and hung in the air by his arms. He was forced to confess Officers A., I., Me. Officers D., S., Ma., Ya. 25/05/2010 Forensic medical examination act no. 108 Forensic Bureau of the Chechen Republic Numerous bruises and abrasions on his left shoulder, left thigh, both shins, caused within 3-5 days before the examination 3. 43067/13 Akhmedov v.   Russia 19/11/2007 At about 6   p.m. Chechnya, Grozny   Public place Special police forces of the Chechen Ministry of the Interior (OMON) 19/11/2007 OMON headquarters in Grozny The officers tied the applicant’s hand behind his back, hung up with a rope, punched and kicked him on the body, burned with cigarette butts. Then they handcuffed him to a radiator in a basement, where he was again beaten. He was forced to confess OMON officers U. and K. 30/11/2007 Forensic medical examination act no.   1837 Forensic Bureau of the Chechen Republic A bruise under his left eye, abrasions in the cheekbone area, shoulders, on both shins, caused by a hard blunt object caused within the period indicated in the investigator’s order (21/11/2007) 4. 70960/14 Chibiyev v.   Russia 29/10/2014 At about 7   a.m.   Arrest record drawn up at 9   p.m. on 30/10/2014 Pliyevo, Ingushetia   The applicant’s house Department of the Interior in Nazran ( ОМВД по г.   Назрань ) 29/10/2014-30/10/2014 Unknown location About six officers kicked and punched him, especially in the groin area, strangled with a plastic bag, forced him to confess Unidentified law-enforcement officers 30/10/2014 Record on administrative arrest On-duty police officer A bruise on the face 02/12/2014 Forensic medical examination act no.   1138 (no copy) Unknown Contusion of the left feet, inflicted within one month before the examination 5. 53922/15 Berov v.   Russia 06/03/2012 At about 6.30   p.m. Kabardino-Balkar Republic (KBR), Nalchik   The applicant’s workplace Ministry of Internal Affairs of the KBR ( МВД по КБР ) 06/03/2012-07/03/2012 Premises of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of KBR ( МВД по КБР ) The officers tied the applicant, kicked and punched him, electrocuted him, threatened him with rape and AIDS infection, forced him to confess. He was released on 07/03/2012 Police officers Kh. and O. 14/03/2012 Forensic medical examination act no.   172-A Forensic Bureau of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic Fracture of the third lumbar vertebra, closed craniocerebral injury, qualified as medium harm; contusion of the thorax, bruises on the soft tissues of his head, face and upper and lower limbs, qualified as light harm; caused within one day before the examination on 07/03/2012 6. 48809/18 Ugurchiyev v.   Russia 19/02/2017 At about 7.20   a.m. Ingushetia, Nazran   The applicant’s house Anti-extremism centre in Ingushetia ( Центр по противодействую экстремизму МВД России по Ингушетии) 19/02/2017 Police department in Nazran, then the premises of the anti-extremism centre The officers did not beat the applicant, but tied and blindfolded him, electrocuted by little toes, poured cold water, rotated on the chair, threatened with rape, forced to confess. He was held in a temporary detention facility for 10 days Officers Al., As., Ya., Ar., M. 19/02/2017 Ambulance medical card no. 5367 Ambulance Crust under the right kneecap 26/04/2017 Forensic medical examination act no.   156 Forensic Bureau of the Republic of Ingushetia No injuries related to the incident of 19/02/2017, possibly due to lapse of time     No Application no. Title APPENDIX No. 2 Article 3 - Procedural aspect DOMESTIC COMPLAINT AND THE GOVERNMENT REACTION Date of Complaint Authority Type of Reaction Date(s) Procedural Outcome 1. 15476/08 Fredriksen v.   Russia 20/05/2005 22/06/2005 Prosecution office of the Leninskiy District in Grozny Refusal to open a criminal case 25/05/2005 02/05/2006 17/07/2006   First refusal of 25/05/2005 (allegations of ill-treatment unfounded). On 14/04/2006 the trial court ordered an additional inquiry, which resulted in the refusal of 02/05/2006 (allegations of ill-treatment unsubstantiated). On 27/06/2006 the court again ordered an inquiry, which resulted in the refusal of 17/07/2006. On 29/01/2007 the Supreme Court of Chechnya acquitted the applicant on the grounds that his confession statements had been obtained under duress. On 13/09/2007 the Supreme Court of Russia quashed the acquittal and remitted the case for a new examination. It found the court’s finding regarding duress unsubstantiated, referring to the refusals to open a criminal case. 2. 60844/11 Daurbekov v.   Russia 27/05/2010 Report on the discovery of evidence of crime ( рапорт об обнаружении признаков преступления ) Inter-district Investigation Department in Achkhoy-Martan Refusal to open a criminal case 11/06/2010 16/08/2010 The applicant’s allegations of ill-treatment and unrecorded detention were dismissed as unfounded: the applicant was in the police station before his official arrest and he stayed voluntarily there. On 14/09/2010 the Achkhoy-Martanovskiy District Court dismissed the complaint against the refusal of 11/06/2010 since it had already been quashed by that time. On 18/03/2011 the Urus-Martanovskiy District Court dismissed the complaint against the refusal of 16/08/2010 since the criminal case against the applicant was pending. On 04/05/2011 the decision was upheld on appeal. On 27/01/2011 the Achkhoy-Martanovskiy District Court convicted the applicant. On 23/03/2011 the Supreme Court of Chechnya upheld the conviction. 3. 43067/13 Akhmedov v.   Russia 20/11/2007 22/11/2007 Reports on the discovery of evidence of crime Zavodskoy Inter-district Investigation Department in Grozny A criminal case for abuse of power was opened, then suspended and resumed multiple times 03/12/2007- 30/12/2016   03/12/2007 a criminal case was opened. On 10/01/2008 the applicant was granted victim status. The case was suspended and resumed for at least 13 times between 03/03/2008 and 30/12/2016 for the failure to identify perpetrators. The investigator’s requests to the Minister of Internal Affairs to facilitate the appearance of OMON officers for interviews were unsuccessful. On 12/02/2013 the Leninskiy District Court rejected the applicant’s complaint against the decisions to extend the time limits of the investigation and investigators’ inactivity. On 19/03/2013 the Supreme Court of Chechnya rejected the applicant’s appeal.   4. 70960/14 Chibiyev v.   Russia 11/11/2014 Inter-district Investigation Department in Nazran Refusal to open a criminal case 11/12/2014 28/04/2015   On 19/03/2015 the Magasskiy District Court declared the refusal of 11/12/2014 unreasoned and unlawful. On 27/04/2016 the Supreme Court of Ingushetia acquitted the applicant. On 14/07/2016 the Supreme Court of Russia quashed the acquittal. No further information.   5. 53922/15 Berov v.   Russia 06/03/2007 (the applicant’s father’s complaint)   07/03/2007 (report on the discovery of evidence of crime) Investigation Department in Nalchik A criminal case for abuse of power was opened, then suspended and resumed multiple times 04/04/2012- 01/11/2014 On 04/04/2012 a criminal case was opened. It was suspended and resumed for at least five times between 04/04/2013 and 01/11/2014 for the failure to identify perpetrators. On 25/06/2013 and 10/04/2014 a criminal case against officers Kh. and O. was refused. On 07/12/2015 the applicant complained to the Nalchik City Court about the inactivity of the investigative authorities. On 30/12/2015 the court granted the claim and declared the refusals and the latest decision to suspend the investigation of 01/11/2014 unfounded and unlawful. 6. 48809/18 Ugurchiyev v.   Russia 10/03/2017 Investigation Department in Nazran Refusal to open a criminal case 10/05/2017 10/09/2017 11/01/2018 On 04/12/2017 the Magasskiy District Court declared the refusal of 10/09/2017 unlawful. On 29/01/2018 the Magasskiy District Court dismissed the applicant’s complaint against the refusal of 11/01/2018. On 03/04/2018 the Supreme Court of Ingushetia dismissed the appeal.   [1] Mr Fredriksen was a Russian national and he lived in Chechnya at the time of the events. In 2016 he obtained Norwegian citizenship and changed his name.