involved in the explosion, the preliminary investigation team had demonstrated a sufficient effort to allow it to assert that the authorities of the Russian Federation had fulfilled their positive obligation

Although the failure to comply with such an obligation may have consequences for the right protected under Article 13, the procedural obligation of Article 2 is seen as a distinct obligation.

of his detention had been conducted without an oral hearing.

The domestic authorities were therefore under an obligation to conduct an effective investigation satisfying the above requirements of Article 3 of the Convention. 65.

délit de fuite et contraventions connexes au Code de la route, l'a condamné à quatre ans d'emprisonnement dont deux ans avec sursis , à deux amendes de 300 euros ainsi qu'à l'annulation du permis de conduire

They conducted the examination from 26   May to 28   November 2014 and produced report no.   EKM   52/14(01).

This was the first formal contact by the authorities with the applicants. 16.

A delay of six years and four months does not appear excessive or unjustified as the applicant maintained contact with the authorities by providing statements and requesting information on the progress

Positive obligation to investigate and to punish rape cases 33.

par son comportement d'importants dommages matériels ; qu'en jugeant le contraire, la cour d'appel a violé les articles L. 1232-1, L. 1234-1, L. 1234-5 et L. 1234-9 du code du travail ; 2°/ que l'obligation

The applicant’s lawyer, D.P., explained that this proposed evidence was relevant for the establishing of the conduct of the police against the applicant.

In this context, the conduct of the Parties when evidence is being obtained has to be taken into account (see Ireland v. the United Kingdom , 18 January 1978, § 161, Series A no. 25).

    The Court has previously considered situations where the authorities were found to be under the obligation to conduct the investigation on their own motion if there were serious reasons to

L.P. had been in direct contact mostly with the applicant, who had then passed the relevant information on to K.G.

A lack of requisite reasoning in an initial authorisation decision required the subsequent examination to be conducted with special diligence. 38 .

In order to eliminate contradictions between the witnesses’ testimony, the authorities conducted several formal confrontations ( akistata ).

He contended that he had been injured by the applicant and her friends and asked for an investigation to be conducted against them. 18.

In addition, if the investigations conducted were useful to both sets of proceedings, the refusal to join them cannot be explained.

xa0; In the Court’s opinion, therefore, the applicants’ complaints constituted an arguable claim that they might have been ill ‑ treated by the police and the authorities were thus under an obligation