of the applicant’s assets, as well as the order of confiscation after the criminal conviction had become final.

participating in a criminal organisation (Article 416 of the Criminal Code, "CC"), corruption (Articles 319 and 321 CC) and fraud against the State (Article 640 § 2 CC); they were subject to the confiscation

of the applicants’ assets, which were considered to be equivalent to the proceeds of crime (“confiscation by equivalent means”; confisca per equivalente ), on the basis of Article 11 of Law no. 146/2006

He also sentenced the applicant and his co-accused to pay, in solidum , EUR   1,273,673.41 (the sum returned to company C.), known as “confiscation by way of equivalent measures” ( confisca per equivalente

of equivalent value (“value confiscation” or “confiscation by equivalent means”).

assets of equivalent value (“value confiscation” or “confiscation by equivalent means”).

DE RESTITUER DES SOMMES EN VUE DE LEUR CONFISCATION " ; VU LESDITS ARTICLES ; ATTENDU QU'AUX TERMES DU 3° ALINEA DE L'ARTICLE 4 DE LA LOI DU 2 JUIN 1891, SERONT SAISIS ET CONFISQUES TOUS LES FONDS

The judge also ordered the (direct) confiscation of 1,026,047 euros (EUR), which had already been seized, and the confiscation (by equivalent means) of a further EUR 7,911,687. 3.

of the applicants’ assets, which were considered to be equivalent to the proceeds of crime (“confiscation by equivalent means”; confisca per equivalente ).

investigating judge ( Giudice per le Indagini Preliminari – “the GIP”) confirmed the plea bargain, sentenced the applicant to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of 1,000 euros (EUR) and ordered a confiscation

of the applicants’ assets, which were considered to be equivalent to the proceeds of crime (“confiscation by equivalent means”; confisca per equivalente ).

  » La Cour constitutionnelle a encore précisé que «   la confiscation et la condamnation au paiement de la contre-valeur des biens confisqués ne sont pas des sanctions cumulatives.

The judge also ordered a direct confiscation of EUR   1,377,832.55 (sum already seized) and issued a confiscation by equivalent means of a further EUR 16,159.17. 12.

  » Article 112 § 6 «   Sont également confisqués les biens et l’argent provenant des biens soumis à la confiscation ou obtenus par l’exploitation de ces biens (...).

In addition, the judge issued, in respect of the first applicant, a confiscation by equivalent means of EUR   499,000 given that, before the execution of the seizure she had withdrawn the latter sum

tendant à la condamnation au paiement d'une somme d'argent, la Cour ne pouvait sans violer cette règle d'ordre public faire droit à la demande de l'administration des Douanes tendant au prononcé de la confiscation

(“value confiscation” or “confiscation by equivalent means”).

(“value confiscation” or “confiscation by equivalent means”).

Moreover, the latter provision also stated that judges must not only order seizure in cases that have a view to a “direct” confiscation, but also in those aimed at “confiscation by equivalent means” (