He added that such injuries could be inflicted by hitting, pushing, grabbing or other more or less violent physical contact. 26.

The applicant submitted a forensic medical expert’s report of 7 June 2006 and his sick leave certificate and asked to conduct an inquiry and hold the police officers responsible for his ill-treatment.

In any case, they argued that there was no obligation to conduct an investigation because there was no arguable claim of serious ill-treatment. 2.

These circumstances raise the issue whether the positive obligation to conduct an effective investigation is an ex officio one which requires the authorities to take measures as soon as they are informed

ICELAND (Application no. 17006/20)   JUDGMENT   Art 3 and Art 8 • Positive obligations • Effective investigation • Alleged failure to adequately protect the applicant and conduct an effective

Bearing in mind the difficulties in policing modern societies, the unpredictability of human conduct and the operational choices which must be made in terms of priorities and resources, the positive obligation

The obligation to conduct an effective investigation is an obligation which concerns the means to be employed, and not the results to be achieved (see Mižigárová v.

depriving the courts of their discretionary powers is that the sentence is imposed directly and in abstracto in all cases, irrespective of their factual differences, by the legislature, contrary to the obligation

The police indicated that they had conducted interviews with Lj.M. and I.M. However, it was not possible to conduct an interview with the first applicant, since she resided in England.

#xa0;   Turning to the facts of the present case, the Court is satisfied that the applicant has raised an arguable claim of ill-treatment by the police and that the authorities were under an obligation

de porter une tenue de service adaptée , et dans sa rubrique définition des emplois l'obligation pour le conducteur convoyeur de protéger les membres d'équipage depuis l'intérieur du fourgon, et de reconnaître

de porter une tenue de service adaptée , et dans sa rubrique définition des emplois l'obligation pour le conducteur convoyeur de protéger les membres d'équipage depuis l'intérieur du fourgon, et de reconnaître

Those positive obligations, which often overlap, consist of: (a) the obligation to take reasonable measures designed to prevent ill-treatment of which the authorities knew or ought to have known; and (

(b)     The criminal investigation conducted by the Joint Investigation Team (“the JIT”) 34 .

– includes in particular: (a) the obligation to establish and apply in practice an adequate legal framework affording protection against violence by private individuals; (b) the obligation to take the

    The Court notes at the outset that the present case falls to be examined from the perspective of the State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation under the procedural limb of

    The Court notes at the outset that the present cases fall to be examined from the perspective of the State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation under the procedural limb of

    The Court further reiterates that the obligation to conduct an effective investigation into all acts of domestic violence is an essential element of the State’s obligations under Article

She stressed that the State authorities had had a positive obligation to ensure the conduct of an effective investigation in order to elucidate the circumstances surrounding the accident and to establish