COMPLAINTS The applicant contends that she was insulted and threatened because of her Roma origin, and that the authorities failed in their obligation to conduct an effective investigation into the attack

accused of belonging to the armed group in question operating in the northern Caucasus were often tortured during their detention and that the relevant Russian authorities frequently ignored their obligation

The Government undertook to adopt all necessary measures to ensure that the obligation to conduct such proceedings in an effective manner is enforced more effectively in the future.

The Government undertook to adopt all necessary measures to ensure that the obligation to conduct such proceedings in an effective manner is enforced more effectively in the future.

Aux termes de l'article R. 223-4 du même code : " I.- Lorsque le conducteur titulaire du permis de conduire a commis, pendant le délai probatoire défini à l'article L. 223-1, une infraction ayant donné

Since the question of whether the domestic authorities discharged their obligation to conduct an effective investigation is inextricably linked to the substance of the applicant’s complaint, the Court

étranger, seule circonstance de nature à justifier le contrôle litigieux, la cour d'appel a privé sa décision de toute base légale ; "2°) alors que l'article L. 4 du Code de la route ne fait pas obligations

A further inquiry into the conduct of Captain U. cleared him of any responsibility.

Positive obligation to protect life : The police officers had immediately called for an ambulance and had placed the suspect, who was unconscious, in the lateral safety position.

His conduct thus breached the rights and lawful interests of the applicant and her son.

    The Court observes that the present case falls to be examined from the perspective of the State’s obligation to conduct an effective investigation under the procedural limb of Article 2 of

Accordingly, the Court has no reason to doubt that following the Constitutional Court’s decision in the present case the prosecuting authorities remain under a legal obligation to resume and continue the

Law :Article   2 ( obligation to protect the right to life ) – As regards the actions of the police officer who had fired the fatal shot, there was no reason to doubt that he had honestly believed

Even though the event in question had not involved any physical violence, abuse or contact, it had affected the applicant in highly intimate aspects of her private life.

    Has there has been a violation of Article 2 of the Convention in respect of the respondent State’s obligation to protect the applicant’s right to life by law (see Makaratzis v.

    Has there has been a violation of Article 2 of the Convention in respect of the respondent State’s obligation to protect the applicant’s right to life by law (see Makaratzis v.

(b)     Did the authorities comply with their procedural obligations to conduct effective investigation as required by Article 2 of the Convention?

It meant an obligation to provide one’s services that was imposed by the use of coercion such as the obligation for the ‘serf’ to live on another person’s property and the impossibility of altering his

The Court’s case-law in this sphere required strict application of the obligation to conduct an official criminal investigation meeting the minimum threshold of effectiveness.