influenced by the passage of time as stated above, the criterion of independence will, generally, remain unchanged (see, for the importance of this criterion from the very earliest stage of the procedure, Ramsahai

no appropriate steps were taken to reduce the risk of collusion between the alleged perpetrators amounts to a significant shortcoming in the adequacy of the investigation (see, mutatis mutandis , Ramsahai

In all cases, the next of kin of the victim must be involved in the procedure to the extent necessary to safeguard his or her legitimate interests (see, for example, Ramsahai and Others v. the Netherlands

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

    On 23 February 2006 Judge Gheorghe Morozan from the Râşcani District Court dismissed the appeal.

It remains to be examined whether the above-mentioned shortcomings could, to a certain extent, be counterbalanced by an effective supervision of the investigation (see, amongst other authorities, Ramsahai

p.m. the applicant's son, D. and several other police officers of Chechen origin detained during the operation, including Mr   Dzh., were put into a GAZ 66 truck with an emblem representing a rampant

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

that appropriate steps were not taken to reduce the risk of collusion between alleged perpetrators amounts to a significant shortcoming in the adequacy of the investigation (see, mutatis mutandis , Ramsahai

matter be raised immediately before an impartial authority or public official independent of the suspected perpetrators and the agency they served, namely the detention facility mentioned above (see Ramsahai

    In order to be “effective” in the context of Article 2 of the Convention, an investigation must firstly be adequate (see Ramsahai and   Others v. the Netherlands [GC], no. 52391/99,

Criminal Justice, Torture, and Ill-Treatment Torture remains rampant and continues to occur with near-total impunity.

specifically carried out the various measures relating to this inquiry and whether those officials were impartial and independent of the suspected perpetrators and the agency that they served (see Ramsahai

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

    On 15 November 2004 the Rascani District Court dismissed the applicant's action on the ground that he had failed to prove that his parents were of Romanian ethnic identity as no such identity

    On 26 April 2005 the Râşcani District Court issued a warrant for the applicant's arrest and detention for 30 days, finding that he had been absconding from the investigation, was obstructing

In order to be “effective”, as this expression is to be understood in the context of Article   2 of the Convention, an investigation must firstly be adequate (see Ramsahai and Others v. the Netherlands

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.