A period of stability in the USSR when the bonds were used as a money substitute at nominal value was followed by rampant inflation and a sharp depreciation of the national currency in the newly independent

  and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 3455/05, § 202, ECHR   2009; and Rahmani   and Dineva v. Bulgaria , no. 20116/08, § 75, 10   May 2012).

influenced by the passage of time as stated above, the criterion of independence will, generally, remain unchanged (see, for the importance of this criterion from the very earliest stage of the procedure, Ramsahai

    In order to be “effective” as this expression is to be understood in the context of Article 2 of the Convention, an investigation must firstly be adequate (see Ramsahai and Others v. the

Experts agree that in most cases there is impunity for rampant torture in Tajikistan.

the discretionary powers of the investigators and procurators with respect to access to detainees by legal counsel and relatives, as well as the lack of independence of the judiciary and allegedly rampant

According to this informant, corruption was so rampant that liquidations were actually carried out using weapons seized by the police.

    On 9 June 2006 the Râşcani District Court ordered the Edineţ Local Council to pay the applicants the value of the apartment, namely 15,000   dollars (USD). 12.

  Ratiani) and three British lawyers (Mr Ph. Leach, Ms J. Evans and Ms   J. Gavron). 5.

    Abduction of Mr Ramzan Shaipov and subsequent events 56.

The possibility alone, that they agreed on their explanations, is unfortunate and capable of reducing public confidence in the investigation but is, pursuant to paragraph 330 in Ramsahai and Others v.

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

    On 22   April 2015 the applicant requested investigators to question Ramzan Kadyrov, R.Ger., V.Ger., Al.Del., Ad.Del. and Sul.Ger.

that appropriate steps were not taken to reduce the risk of collusion between alleged perpetrators amounts to a significant shortcoming in the adequacy of the investigation (see, mutatis mutandis , Ramsahai

an active part in the investigation into the killing of five persons by another unit of soldiers is not only so serious as to taint the independence of the entirety of the criminal proceedings (see Ramsahai

Criminal Justice, Torture, and Ill-Treatment Torture remains rampant in Uzbekistan.

Experts agree that in most cases there is impunity for rampant torture in Tajikistan.

Disease, particularly tuberculosis, was rampant, in part because prisoners who were ill were often not removed from the general prison population.

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.

In particular, overcrowding is still rampant and regime activities are underdeveloped.